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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51685
標題: | 傾斗式雨量計之力學分析 Mechanics analysis of tipping bucket rain gauge |
作者: | Jhan- Ming Jhou 周展名 |
指導教授: | 劉格非(Ko-Fei Liu) |
關鍵字: | 傾斗式雨量計,應用力學,動力學,流體力學, Tipping bucket rain gauge,mechanics,high rainfall intensity, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 傾斗式雨量計被廣泛地運用在雨量量測,因其設置容易.可長時間觀測又有自動接收資料的功能,是目前台灣主要使用的雨量計。其缺點為在傾斗運動過程中會產生誤差.有其最大的運動限制.量測到的雨量與真實降雨有延遲時間。目前雨量計研究主要針對雨量計之量測時產生的器差進行校正(calibration),並以統計方法做出適合情況下(強降雨.弱降雨.考慮風場)的修正曲線。由於傾斗式雨量計產生誤差的原因主要為傾斗運動過程中產生的,故本研究將從不同的角度切入問題-對整個傾斗運動過程發展出一套力學分析理論,透過本理論可求出不同降雨條件下,傾斗運動過程中的各種數據,如:空斗至傾斗傾倒所需時間.傾倒運動時間.傾斗傾倒出口流速.傾倒轉動速率.濾水口出口流速.樞軸所受正向力及摩擦力等…,得到這些數據後,可用來對該傾斗進行適合範圍分析,瞭解其能在誤差範圍內,所能量測的雨量,利用上述數據也可用於傾斗式雨量計之改良設計。 In Taiwan, rainfall of high intensity in short duration occurs more frequently over past decades. High intensity rainfall is usually underestimated by using tipping bucket rain gauge (TBR). For example, the rainfall during Typhoon Morakot was underestimated over 30% in Tsengwen Reservoir watershed. However, rainfall data is a very important parameter for design of disaster prevention and mitigation. The wrong observed rainfall may cause wrong design and severe threat to human life and property. To solve the problem of underestimation, we develop a mechanical theory to analyze and adjust TBR in two parts, i.e. rain gauge and tipping bucket. The former part is to find out the correlation between RI and flow rate at the bottom of rain gauge. For the tipping bucket, the motion is analyzed during rainfall input. To verify our theory, we also conduct laboratory experiments. As a result, the prediction of our theory is in good agreement with the actual rainfall input. Therefore, our theory can give practical reference for calibration and improvement of TBR. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51685 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
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