探討領導者之人格特質與高階管理團隊特質之關係 —以A公司為例

Abstract

所謂「江山代有才人出」，若以成敗論英雄，則有唐三藏西方取經以願景與團隊合作的菩薩型領導人，也有秦始皇蓋長城那種「一將功成萬骨枯」的英雄型領導人。而在瞬息萬變、激烈競爭的大趨勢下，許多企業的領導方式已從一人決策到團隊領導(例如阿里巴巴集團)，以團隊智慧來因應全球化及多元化的巨大挑戰。過去研究發現，CEO雖然在高階管理團隊裡具有不成比率的影響力，但高階管理團隊是彌補CEO不足的專業知識及提高公司營運效率的不可或缺的關鍵角色。 高階管理團隊的運作涉及許多的心理與社會特質，從觀察高階管理團隊的組成及互動，能夠預測未來公司的經營與績效。引用新世代網路創業推手的之初創投創辦人林之晨所說：「創業給你視野、給你廣度、創造顛覆既有市場的能力、學習從失敗中復活的機會，然後有精彩的人生。然而成功的創業絕對不會是一個人的冒險之路，還需要好的團隊，一群向心力很強的夥伴比找老婆還難，因為需要的不只是了解、感情，還必須有類似的願景與價值觀。」 本研究將從Goldberg(1993)的五大因素人格理論OCEAN和喬治．維爾麥特(Georg Vielmetter)及依凡．賽爾(Yvonne Sell)合著的《領導力2030》對未來十至十五年的大趨勢研究中未來領導人應具備的人格特質，發展出二套人格特質項目分析工具。並以此工具進行評分，以分析個案A公司創辦人及高階團隊成員的人格特質，不同組合的團隊特質與個人特質如何應用在不同的職務需求及解釋團隊互動情形，最後提出對A公司在創業初期困境的建議。

“Each age bring forth new genius on this noble land, each will rule its own domain for years to come.” If we judge a person by his success or failure, a great leader could be the Buddha type who learns Xuan Zang with great vision and like teamwork or the Hero type who believes a general builds his success on ten thousand bleaching bones. And in a rapidly changing, highly competitive megatrend, the leading style of many companies changes from one man decision to the team decision (such as Alibaba Group). Team wisdom seems to be a solution to response the enormous challenges of globalization and diversification. Past studies have found, CEO, while having disproportionate influence in the top management team (TMT), but the CEO's TMT is the key to make up for lack of professional knowledge and improve the operational efficiency. TMT operation involves many psychological and social characteristics. The composition and interaction of the TMT show something which people are able to predict the company's future operations and performance. Cited at the beginning of a new generation of internet venture key opinion leader Mr. Jamie said: 'Start an undertaking gives you the vision, the breadth and the ability to create subversion to the market. Learning opportunities resurrection from the failure, then there is wonderful life. However, a successful entrepreneur is certainly not the way a person's risk. You also need a good team. A strong partners cohesion harder than wives because of the need not only to understand the feelings, but also must have a similar vision and Values. ' The study will develop two sets of personality traits analysis tools from Goldberg (1993) OCEAN five factor personality theory and 'Leadership 2030' in which to study the leaders’ personality for the next ten to fifteen years megatrend by Georg Vielmetter and Yvonne Sell. And as tools for ratings to analyze personality traits for Case A founder and TMT members. Apply different combinations of traits and personal attributes in various positions and explain TMT interaction. Finally, propose the study’s suggestion to the plight of the initial Case A company.