中華民國對南沙群島主權：歷史與法理

Abstract

自20世紀前期起，位於南海之南沙群島便成為各方勢力競逐之地，包含我國、中國、越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞與汶萊等各沿海國，紛提出對全部或部分島礁之主權或權利主張。又因法國、日本曾對南沙群島行使國家權力，乃至二戰後之國際情勢演變，均使南沙群島之歷史與法律地位混雜難明。 有鑑於此，本論文選取1928年至2012年間之12個國際司法機構判決，兼及國際法學界重要見解，重新歸納與審視島嶼領土主權取得原則之內涵，並於整理各方於南沙群島上之活動歷程後，以當代國際法角度評析我國、法國、日本、越南與菲律賓之歷史主張與主權作為。而針對我方現今主權論述可能存有之缺陷，本論文亦自相關證據及國際法原則出發，嘗試提出可行（或更合理）之修正觀點，以強化我國確實擁有南沙群島主權之立場。

Since the early 20th century, the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea (SCS) have become a contested place for which all relevant parties competed against each other. Many coastal States surrounding SCS have claim their sovereignty or rights to all or part of these islands (or rocks), including the Republic of China (Taiwan), People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Besides, France and Japan had exercised state power on the Spratly Islands, and international circumstances have evolved greatly after the Second World War. These factors above make the history and legal status of the Spratly Islands more complicated and unclear. Regarding this situation, the thesis selected 12 judgments of international judicial bodies between 1928 to 2012 and discussed the important insights of international law scholars. By reviewing and re-inducing the connotation of principles of acquiring territorial sovereignty over islands, combing the history of all parties’ activities on the Spratly Islands, the thesis analyzed the historical claims and sovereign acts of Taiwan, France, Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines in perspective of contemporary international law. In order to remedy the defects that likely existed in Taiwan’s current claims, and to strengthen the Taiwan’s position on its sovereignty over the Spratly Islands, the thesis also tried to put forward some feasible (or more reasonable) contentions revised on the basis of relevant evidence and principles of international law.