室內盆花管理與色彩偏好之探討

Abstract

室內空氣流通性差，長時間處於封閉環境會影響人類的身心健康，在室內擺放植物不僅有效淨化空氣，還可使人心情愉悅，提升生活品質。植物可有效吸收二氧化碳(Carbon dioxide, CO2)，然而環境因子如光、水分等的改變會改變植物淨化二氧化碳的效率。為使對室內觀賞植物的日常管理能最大限度地提升二氧化碳淨化效果和植物的觀賞等級，本研究針對室內環境下的火鶴(Anthurium andraeanum Linden ‘Pink Champion’)、麗格秋海棠(Begonia elatior hybrids)以及大岩桐(Sinningia speciosa Benth)進行了介質含水量、鉀肥、光質及環境二氧化碳濃度的管理試驗。此外，為提升室內觀賞植物配置的視覺效果，還進行了對植物花色與環境搭配的民眾偏好調查。 在水分管理方面，對三種植物進行四種水分處理，分別為20%、40%、60%及80%田間容水量(Field Capacity, FC)，調查其形態、光合作用及植生指數，並進行熏氣箱試驗，期以尋找室內植物觀賞期和淨化能力的水分管理平衡點。結果顯示，火鶴、麗格秋海棠及大岩桐均在60% FC復水時有最大二氧化碳淨化能力；火鶴在40%-60% FC復水時觀賞等級最高，麗格秋海棠和大岩桐均在60%-80% FC復水時觀賞等級最高。 在鉀肥管理方面，對三種植物進行五種鉀肥濃度處理，分別為0、2、4、6、8 mM，調查其形態、光合作用及植生指數，並進行熏氣箱試驗，期以尋找室內植物觀賞期和淨化能力的鉀肥管理平衡點。試驗結果顯示，火鶴、麗格秋海棠及大岩桐均在8 mM鉀肥處理下有最大二氧化碳淨化能力；火鶴在各鉀肥處理下觀賞等級均佳，麗格秋海棠於0-4 mM鉀肥處理下觀賞等級最高，大岩桐於6-8 mM鉀肥處理下觀賞等級最高。 在光質管理方面，對三種植物進行兩種光質處理，分別為LED白光和LED(R7/B2)，調查其形態、光合作用及植生指數，並進行熏氣箱試驗，期以尋找室內植物觀賞等級和淨化能力更佳的光質管理。結果顯示，火鶴、麗格秋海棠及大岩桐均在LED白光處理下有最大二氧化碳淨化能力和觀賞等級。在環境二氧化碳濃度方面，對火鶴和大岩桐進行四個濃度的環境CO2濃度處理，分別為500 ppm、1200 ppm、2400 ppm以及4800 ppm，調查短期內其對CO2吸收能力，期以尋找適合室內植物的CO2濃度管理。結果顯示，火鶴與大岩桐均在2400 ppm處理下有最高二氧化碳吸收量。其次是4800 ppm和1200 ppm處理，吸收量最少的是500 ppm處理。 在室內植物花色配置之民眾偏好調查方面，選用六種花色不同的麗格秋海棠(黃、橙、紅、粉、藍、白)，與不同室內環境組合(客廳、餐廳、臥室、衛浴室)，記錄影像並通過問卷方式，進行大眾偏好之調查。結果顯示，結果顯示民眾對客廳中花色偏好的順序依次是黃色、紅色、白色、粉色、橙色及藍色；餐廳中花色偏好的順序依次是黃色、白色、橙色、粉色、紅色及藍色；單人房中花色偏好的順序依次是黃色、白色、藍色、粉色、橙色及紅色；衛浴室中花色偏好的順序依次是藍色、白色、粉色、黃色、紅色及橙色。而在花色給人帶來的色知覺上，四個環境中均是“柔和平靜”的有效百分比數最高，其次是“輕快活潑”，百分比最低的是“華麗顯眼”。 綜合言之，室內植物水分管理上建議灌溉點為60% FC，對於光合作用速率高的植物澆水頻度約為4天，光合作用速率低的植物澆水頻度約為7天，期能在節約水資源的同時，延長室內植物的觀賞壽命並提升淨化CO2能力。室內植物鉀肥管理上需依植物特性而論，對於自身光合作用高的植物，移進室內後可施用鉀肥來幫助其保持原有氣孔導度及光合作用速率，以此延長其觀賞壽命；對於自身光合作用低的植物，在室內光線滿足其需求時，使用高濃度鉀肥反而會加速其代謝而使觀賞期縮短。室內植物光質管理上建議採用白光作為燈源較R7B2燈源更佳，在觀賞等級和CO2淨化能力兩者上皆為白光燈源處理更好，而在環境CO2濃度方面，植物在2400 ppm處理下有最大吸收量，建議室內CO2濃度超過3000 ppm時採用開窗通風的方法淨化空氣。民眾更偏好在客廳、餐廳及臥室使用黃色盆花，在衛浴室使用藍色盆花，且喜歡植物帶來的柔和平靜感。

Inert air condition for the indoor environment usually causes negative impact on human health, especially for people with sedentary jobs in office and home. Placing indoor ornamentals can purify the air in the room but also offer people a good mood and evaluate the life quality. Plants can effectively absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), and its absorption efficiency is affected by environmental factors like light and water conditions. In order to elevate the purifying capacity of CO2 and the ornamental level of plants, this research studies the reaction of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Linden ‘Pink Champion’), begonia ( Begonia elatior hybrids) and sinningia( Sinningia speciosa Benth) under different cultivation conditions, which mainly in four aspects: water, potassium, light quality and elevated CO2 concentration. In addition to understand the pubic preference on indoor ornamentals color in different space, this research also conducted a survey on indoor ornamentals color matching. For the water management aspect, we conducted four irrigation test with different treatments: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% field capacity (FC) on the three plants mentioned above and investigated their morphology, photosynthesis, vegetation index and then determined their ability of CO2 absorption by taking a fumigation test. The result shows that anthurium, begonia and sinningia all have highest CO2 absorption under 60% FC treatment. Anthurium has highest ornamental level when irrigated at 40%-60% FC. Begonia and sinningia both have highest ornamental level when irrigated at 60%-80% FC. In the potassium management test, we conducted five potassium concentration treatments: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mM on the three plants mentioned above and investigated their morphology, photosynthesis, vegetation index and then determined their ability of CO2 absorption by taking a fumigation test. The result shows that anthurium, begonia and sinningia all have highest CO2 absorption under 8 mM treatment. Anthurium has highest ornamental level under all potassium treatments. Begonia has highest ornamental level under 0~4 mM treatments. Sinningia has highest ornamental level under 6~8 mM treatments. In the light quality management test, we conducted two LED (light-emitting diode) treatments: white and R7B2 (red/blue=7/2) on the three plants mentioned above and investigated their morphology, photosynthesis, vegetation index and then determined their ability of CO2 absorption by taking a fumigation test in order to find the best condition for maximizing CO2 absorption and ornamental level. The result shows that anthurium, begonia and sinningia all have highest CO2 absorption and ornamental level under white treatment. In the elevated CO2 concentration test, we conducted four CO2 concentration treatments: 500 ppm, 1200 ppm, 2400 ppm and 4800 ppm on anthurium and sinningia and determined their ability of CO2 absorption in short term by taking a fumigation test. The result shows that they both have highest CO2 absorption under 2400 ppm treatment, then 4800 ppm, 1200 ppm and 500 ppm. Besides the lab experiments mentioned above, we also conducted a survey on indoor ornamentals color matching. We use pictures with 6 different colored begonia (yellow, orange, red, pink, blue and white) combined with 4 different indoor environments (living room, dinning room, bedroom and bathroom) to conduct a public preference survey. The statistics shows color preference order in living room is yellow, red, white, pink, orange, blue. Preference order in dining room is yellow, white, orange, pink, red, blue. And in bedroom: yellow, white, blue, pink, orange and red; in bathroom the order reverses: blue, white pink, yellow, red and then orange. In terms of color perception, the highest rank is termed as “Soft and Calm”, then “Lilting”. “Gorgeous” or “Dazzling” kind environments are the least preferred. To sum up, we recommend the irrigation treatment for indoor plants as 60% field capacity. The irrigation frequency for high photosynthesis rate plants is one per 4 days, one per 7 days for low photosynthesis rate plants. This condition balances the best between water conservation and elevating CO2 absorption. The potassium managements are quite dependent on plant characteristics. High potassium is recommended for high photosynthesis rate plants in order to maintain stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate. However high potassium concentration may accelerate metabolism for low photosynthesis plants and shorten the lifetime for ornamentation. In our study we find pure white light would be better for indoor plant growing, and CO2 absorption reaches the bottleneck when the CO2 concentration exceeds 2400ppm. Thus air exchange is needed when the concentration is higher than 3000ppm. Public survey shows yellow colored plants preference in living room, dining room and bedroom, and blue preference in bathroom.