分布式多頻調諧質量阻尼器最佳化設計與減振效能之探討

Abstract

調諧質量阻尼器（Tuned Mass Damper, TMD）是目前常見的一種控制振動的方法，大多用於高層建築、大跨度橋梁以及高科技廠房的機台上，以抗振並提高舒適性。但單一TMD的控制效果對頻率相當敏感，當頻率略偏離設計值時，效果會大幅的下降。並且裝置TMD之結構物往往在地震發生時會有反應放大的情形發生，有學者提出，在地震力的作用下，高層結構可能會有高模態反應的發生，所以分布式多頻調諧質量阻尼器的目的為，不僅僅只控制第一模態，而是利用多個TMD來控制多個欲控制的模態，使得結構在任何頻率的反應下都可以有效的得到控制。 因此本研究團隊提出了分布式多頻調諧質量阻尼器之最佳化設計方法，並針對單自由度TMD與多自由度TMD分別提出適合之演算法，以快速、穩定且精確地得到最佳化設計變數，並且使得TMD最佳化設計結果皆為全域最佳解。 利用本研究之分析架構，以不同樓高之剪力構架模型進行TMD之最佳化，並以白噪音與多筆地震歷時來檢核其減振效果。而為了模擬現實結構中軸向變形發生的情形，也以不同樓高之抗彎構架模型來進行TMD之最佳化，以求得合理之最佳化結果。

In recent year, tuned mass dampers have been widely used to control the vibrations due to wind or earthquake. TMDs are often used in high-rise buildings, long-span bridges and machines of high-tech factory to reduce the vibration and the discomfort. But the performance of single tuned mass damper (STMD) is sensitive to the frequency of TMD, it suffered a deterioration if the TMD parameters shift away from their optimum solution. Furthermore, the performance of system with TMD sometimes becomes worse when the system is affected by earthquakes. Some researchers point out that high modal responses may be excited when the system is suffered by earthquake. So the object of the distributed multiple tuned mass damper (DMTMD) is that not only control the first mode but also the other important modes. It makes the vibration of system can always be controlled no matter what the excitation frequency is. In the thesis, we propose the design method of DMTMD, and respectively, give the STMD and the DMTMD appropriate algorithm. It makes the procedure of optimal analysis faster, more stable and more accurate, and the solutions are global minimum. Using the framework of this thesis, we do the parameter optimization on shear type structures of different story, and use the white-noise and earthquake time histories around the world to examine the performance of DMTMD. In reality, the axial deformation will occur when the structure suffered from earthquake. So we also use moment frame to analysis in order to get a reasonable solution.