以夜間燈光強度分析中國淘寶村經濟發展

Abstract

今日的電子商務發展在消費模式上與交易工具上帶來了巨大的改變。其中最大的改變發生在資訊不足、接觸市場有限的農村，當其接觸到電子商務成功的電商平台：淘寶網，得以進入不受外在環境限制的平台中，和城鎮一起面對廣大市場，便發展出1+1>2的草根創業模式，形成產業聚集、電商密集的「淘寶村」。淘寶村於2009年出現第一批（江蘇省東風村、河北省東高莊、浙江省青岩劉村）後，在短短的6年間已於2015年大量增長到780個，分佈位置亦達17個省市區。 然而，淘寶村的數量雖持續增長，但分佈並不平均（多集中在沿海地區），面對此一現象，本文欲從三面向：面向ㄧ、地理位置的空間面向；面向二、基礎設施，如網絡、道路密度方面；面向三、市場上面的選擇方面，來探究影響農村成為淘寶村的因素為何。 又在淘寶村大量擴增之下，農村是否真的因為發展電子商務而提升經濟發展，欲探究此一問題，基於中國農村無準確、透明的經濟指標（如GDP），本文將採用David N. Weil等人的研究（2009）：“Measuring Ecomonic Growth From Outer Space”，以測量並比較淘寶村與週邊非淘寶村之農村的夜間燈光強度，作為其經濟發展變化的指標。

E-commerce has brought tremendous changes, including consumption patterns and transaction tools all over the world. These changes have especially impacted the rural villages, where were thought to lack of real time information and contacts of outer markets in the past. When these villages encounter the most successful E-commerce platform: Taobao, the market they can get in touch with is no longer limited, meaning these villages are able to contend with cities in the same platform. By this way, a grassroot entrepreneurial model has developed within those villages, which are composed industry cluster and high intensive of businessman who runs business on the Internet. This kind of entrepreneurship is called “Taobao Village.” In 2009, three Taobao Villages first appeared (Jiangsu Province Dong Feng village, Henan Province Dong Gao villages and Zhejiang Province Qing Yan Liu villages). Within merely six years, in 2015 there was an enormous growth in the number of Taobao Villages, from 3 to 780, distributing over 17 province. Although the quantities of Taobao Villages continue to increase, the spatial distribution is not uniform. Most Taobao Villages are grouped in the coastal areas. Based on this existing fact, we will investigate the formation causes of Taobao Villages by discussing from three sections: First section is about geographic location. Second section is about infrastructure, including the penetratiAn of a network and the density of road network. Third section is about the selection of target market. Besides, we also interest in confirming that the formation of the Taobao Village can really promote the local economic development. However, there are no accurate, direct, and transparent economic indicators, such as GDP, in those rural areas for the study. Therefore, instead of using direct economical statistical data, we use light night as the economic indicator, which was proposed by David N. Weil, et al. in “Measuring Economic Growth From Outer Space.” By using light at night intensity data, we can compare the economic development in Taobao Villages and other villages.