人體組織生物列印之三維電腦輔助設計模型建構

Abstract

本論文的目的為發展一套CAD工具來利用醫學影像建立可提供3D生物列印使用之人體組織模型。3D 組織模型也可以使用適合的數學參數來描述其組織之空間形狀用來建立其模型。首先，將人體組織之電腦斷層掃瞄影像，例如：冠狀動脈，輸入到CAD軟體AutoCAD裡數字化組織之3D邊界點。有了來自兩張正交影像且相同標高的3D邊界點，即可使用樣條曲線建立截面，接著可從斷面混成連接各不同標高的截面以得到3D模型。電腦斷層掃描影像也可以利用醫學影像軟體來建立STL表面模型，接著將STL表面模型輸入AutoCAD來切出不同標高的截面輪廓用來重建實體模型。對於其他難以取得電腦斷層掃描影像的組織，例如：人類眼角膜，它的3D模型可以利用數學參數來描述其組織之空間形狀用來建立其模型。一套用對話框建立之參數化程式可用來指定其參數並建立不同之3D模型用以應對每位病患。建立之3D人體組織模型已經使用3D印表機列印，並且取得不錯的原型模型。這些成果證實了人體組織之3D模型的建構方法是快速且有效的。

The purpose of this thesis is to develop computer-aided design (CAD) tools to construct 3D bio-printing models of human tissues from medical images. 3D tissue models can also be established by describing spatial shape of tissues with suitable mathematical parameters. The CT scan images of a human tissue, for example coronary artery, are first imported into a CAD software AutoCAD for digitizing 3D boundary points of the tissue. With 3D boundary points at the same elevation from two orthogonal views, a cross section with spline curve can be determined, and then a 3D model can be obtained by lofting cross sections at different elevation. CT scan images can also be used by medical image software for constructing stereolithography (STL) surface models, and the STL surface model is imported to AutoCAD to reconstruct 3D solid model by cross sections from surface model slicing contours at different elevation. For other tissue where CT scans are difficult to obtain, for example human cornea, the 3D model can be established from mathematical parameters that describe the spatial shape of a tissue. A parametric program is developed with a dialog box for specifying parameters such that 3D models constructed for each patient are different. Established 3D human tissue models are sent to 3D printers, and good prototypes are obtained. The results show that the 3D model construction method for human tissues are both fast and effective.