吉川英治『三國志』及其底本的比較研究──以人物形像為中心──

Abstract

對日本人來說，「說到三國演義就是吉川英治」般的人氣作品──吉川英治『三國志』(以下，簡稱為「吉川『三國志』」)，其實並非直譯中國的『三國演義』。如同吉川英治在序文裡所言，他將中國古典改編成一般人也能欣賞的長篇作品，其中的登場人物也並非無異於原作，而是以個人的構思加以新的解釋。特別是如同雜喉潤(2002)所指出，日本之所以有為數眾多的曹操迷也是起因於本作品；所以我們有必要增加對吉川『三國志』人物形象的理解。又，吉川英治並非直接以中國的『三國演義』為底本，而是閱讀日文譯本後才進行吉川『三國志』的創作，因此本論文也將該日文譯本視為吉川英治人物形象創作時的一大因素。以此為前提，藉由與底本較為詳細的比較，重新思考吉川『三國志』的人物形象及其意義。 在第一章，考察了吉川『三國志』創作時所用的底本，決定以『李卓吾先生批評三國志』、湖南文山的『通俗三國志』、吉川『三國志』作為本論文處理的材料。在第二章，從「成立與時代背景」與「人物形像」兩部分來分析吉川『三國志』的創作。在「成立與時代背景」，探討了吉川英治的歷史小說創作態度、與其中國經驗及戰爭思想。在「人物形像」的部分，分別從魏、蜀、吳中各選出一位主君與軍師，藉由與底本的比較分析吉川『三國志』的人物描寫。 本論文發現，使用『通俗三國志』為底本並未給吉川英治的人物造型上造成重大影響。但是，因為『通俗三國志』繼承了『李卓吾先生批評三國志』相對中立地對待人物的態度，所以吉川英治能看透特定人物的兩面性，從而創作出獨特的人物形象。

In Japan, Eiji Yoshikawa’s Sangokushi (Yoshikawa Sangokushi) is such a popular work that when we think of Sangokushi and it comes to Eiji Yoshikawa. However, Yoshikawa Sangokushi is not a word-for-word translation of the Chinese classical literature, Romance of the Three Kingdoms. According to the preface, he adapted this Chinese classical literature into a full-length novel that makes everyone appreciate it easily, and those characters are not just the original ones but interpreted with his own ideas. Meanwhile, it is said that because of this work, there are so many fans of SOUSO in Japan. Thus make it necessary for us to enhance our understanding toward the characters in Yoshikawa Sangokushi. However, instead of using the Chinese version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the original book, he used the Japanese translation version to conduct his work. Therefore, this thesis compared Yoshikawa Sangokushi with the Chinese version and the Japanese version. Chapter 1 investigated the original books, and determined to use The Criticism of Romance of Three Kingdoms by Li Zhuowu and Bunzan Konan’s Tsuzokusangokushi as the subjects of this thesis. Chapter 2 analyzed the creation of Yoshikawa Sangokushi from two parts. The first part, the situation and back ground of the composition, examined Eiji Yoshikawa’s attitude toward the creation of historical novels, his experiences in Chinese and his thoughts on Second Sino-Japanese War. The second part, the images of characters, analyzed images of six characters by comparing them with those in the original books. In conclusion, this thesis found out that using Tsuzokusangokushi as the original book didn’t affect Eiji Yoshikawa’s creation of characters. However, Tuszokusangokushi took over the relatively neutral attitude of The Criticism of Romance of Three Kingdoms by Li Zhuowu toward characters, which made Eiji Yoshikawa look through the two sides of specific characters and create unique images of those characters.