溫度與尿素對中華枸杞(Lycium chinense Miller)生長之影響

Abstract

馬祖之野生中華枸杞呈現夏半季乾萎之狀態，影響其利用價值。將採自馬祖5個地點且形態差異大的野生中華枸杞置於日夜溫15/13℃、20/15℃、25/20℃、30/25℃和常溫五種溫度下；以及每株總共施用1.5 g、3.0 g、4.5 g、6.0 g尿素和對照組處理野生中華枸杞，了解其生長習性。溫度試驗結果顯示，15/13℃環境下中華枸杞有最高的自然高；20/15℃環境下有較長的枝條長度以及最重的地上部鮮重和地上部乾重，枝刺的數目也最多；25/20℃環境下分枝數最多，地上部的總可溶性多醣含量也最高。30/25℃環境下中華枸杞的自然高、枝條長度、地上部鮮重和乾重的表現量最差，枝條很快進入生長停滯。營養系B枝條生長快速，在地上部有最佳產量，為較理想的葉用枸杞品種。營養系C在15/13℃環境枝條仍然快速生長，顯示其可以耐較低溫的環境。營養系D不適合栽種在四個固定溫度的環境。營養系F枝條生長快速，總可溶性多醣含量最高，但其刺的數目最多。營養系G幾乎不長刺，具有作為培育無刺葉用枸杞親本的潛力。4.5g尿素組和6.0g尿素組中華枸杞有肥傷發生，而1.5g尿素組則有最高的地上部產量。

Wild Lycium chinense M. in Matsu stops growing in summer, that impacts its value in use. Placed Lycium chinense M. which be collected from five locations in Matsu and have different morphology in day/ night temperature 15/13℃, 20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃ and normal temperature and then treated Lycium chinense M. with 1.5g, 3.0g, 4.5g, 6.0g urea and control group to understand its growth habit. Results of temperature experiment showed that Lycium chinense M. had the highest natural high at 15/13℃ environment, had longer shoots length, the heaviest shoot fresh weight, the heaviest shoot dry weight and the most thorns at 20/15℃ environment, had the most branches and total soluble polysaccharide content at 25/20℃ environment, had the worst biomass and shoot quickly entered growth arrest at 30/25℃ environment. Clone B because shoots growed quickly and shoot had the best yield, is the ideal leaf-using variety of Lycium chinense M. Clone C shoots still growed rapidly at 15/13℃ environment, which showed resistance to low temperature. Clone D was not suitable for treating in the four fixed day/night temperature environment. Clone F growed rapidly and had the highest total soluble polysaccharide content, but also had the most thorns. Clone G was almost no thorns, so has potential as thornless leaf-using variety of Lycium chinense M. There was toxicity in 4.5g urea applied group and 6.0g urea applied group, and 1.5g urea applied groups had the highest yield of shoot of Lycium chinense M.