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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 林讚標 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chun-Lin Huang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 黃俊霖 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T07:00:41Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2011-02-09 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2011-02-09 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2011-01-24 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/48529 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Pi-ta為水稻抗病（R）蛋白質，可專一性的辨識稻熱病病原菌的致病因子AVRpita，啟動抗病反應。此研究分析36個亞洲野生稻O. rufipogon的Pi-ta基因序列，經排列比較的結果，可以分成兩類基因群：H1及H2；藉由與外群非洲野生稻O. barthii比較，可推論H1衍生自H2。已知Pi-ta的第918胺基酸為決定對AVRpita的辨識專一性，由最大似然樹的結果，H1與水稻的Pi-ta分在同一個支序內，在第918胺基酸同樣為具有抗病性的丙胺酸，而H2則全都為不具抗病性的絲胺酸，以此胺基酸的差異分成抗病/不抗病主要的兩群進行相關的分析。H1以稻熱病病原菌IK81-25（具有AVRpita）接種，全為抗病，而H2有部分呈現不符合預期的結果，可能有不同的抗病（R）基因及致病因子（Avr）基因交互作用所造成。
由Pi-ta序列建構的基因樹結構、序列的變異明顯減小、高πnon/πsyn值及變異的相關地理分佈，推測野生稻的Pi-ta可能受到重複的選汰清除（recurrent selective sweep）及功能限制（functional constraint）的作用，而非單純族群擴張的結果。我們推論H1的為近期受到選汰清除作用，可能發生於早期稻米馴化的時期，稻熱病病原菌由小米轉移至野生稻或水稻後，因具有抗病的功能而被保留下來。而H2為更早期的選汰清除作用的結果，並受到功能限制的作用，而呈現出其低序列變異的特徵。 另外，我們運用微陣列分析具有Pi-ta基因的野生稻，在接種稻熱病病原菌後早期表現及抑制的基因。似接受器激酶（receptor-like kinase），細胞色素P450及WRKY轉錄因子為主要調節的基因類別；其它與抗病功能相關的基因，例如參與活性氧累積，訊息傳遞鏈及色胺酸的合成的基因亦有明顯的變化。未來需再進一步的實驗，來驗証這些廣泛調節基因功能及交互作用，這將有助於我們更了解水稻對抗生物逆境的機制。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Rice blast disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The resistant response is triggered by a physical interaction between the protein products of the host R (Resistance) gene Pi-ta and the pathogen Avr (Avirulence) gene AVRpita. The genotype variation and resistant/susceptible phenotype at the Pi-ta locus of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), the ancestor of cultivated rice (O. sativa), was surveyed in 36 locations worldwide to study the molecular evolution and functional adaptation of the Pi-ta gene. The low nucleotide polymorphism in the Pi-ta gene of O. rufipogon was similar to that of O. sativa, but greatly differed from what has been reported for other O. rufipogon genes. The haplotypes can be subdivided into two divergent haplogroups named H1 and H2. H1 is derived from H2, with nearly no variation and at a low frequency. H2 is common and the ancestral form. The LRR domain has a high πnon/πsyn ratio and the low polymorphism of Pi-ta gene might cause primarily by recurrent selective sweep and constraint by other putative physiological function. Meanwhile, we provide data to show the amino acid, Ala-918, of H1 in the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain has close relationship with resistant phenotype. H1 might arise recently during rice domestication, and associate with the scenario of the blast pathogen host shift from Italian millet to rice.
To identify early induced and repressed defense genes involved in broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, microarray is used to compare differentially expressed in AVRpita-resistant and -susceptible wild rice O. rufipogon. Receptor-like kinase (RLK), cytochrome P450, and WRKY transcription factor are the majority gene families induced. In addition, some genes that participate in ROS, signal transduction, and tryptophan pathway are discussed. Further functional validation and analysis of these genes will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance in rice. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要 IV
ABSTRACT V Section I:Molecular Evolution of Pi-ta Gene Resistant to Rice Blast in Wild Rice (O. rufipogon) 1 INTRODUCTION 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 Plant materials---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing--------------------------------- 5 Assessment of disease phenotypes----------------------------------------------------- 6 Data analysis------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 RESULTS 8 Levels and patterns of nucleotide variations in the Pi-ta gene------------------- 8 Tests of positive selection---------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Assessment of disease phenotypes----------------------------------------------------- 11 DISSCUSSION 12 Admixtures between Oryza specie----------------------------------------------------- 12 The variation of Pi-ta genes may primarily caused by recurrent selective sweep-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Evolutionary history and distribution of the Pi-ta gene resistant to rice blast---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Table 1.1 Accessions of O. rufipogon (OR), O. barthii (OB), and O. sativa (OS) and their AVRpita-dependent resistance phenotypes---------- 19 Table 1.2 Primers used for amplification and sequencing of the Pi-ta gene---- 20 Table 1.3 Polymorphism and neutral test of different groups of the Pi-ta gene------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Table 1.4 Summary of the McDonald-Kreitman test------------------------------- 22 Table 1.5 The nonsynonymous over synomymous polymophism and divergence of Pi-ta gene of wild rice---------------------------------------- 23 Table 1.6 Summary Tajima’s D values of reference loci--------------------------- 24 Fig. 1.1 Summary of DNA variations in the 4.3-kb Pi-ta region of O. rufipogon, O. barthii, and O. sativa----------------------------------------- 25 Fig. 1.2 Maximum-likelihood tree of the complete DNA sequence of Pi-ta alleles----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Fig. 1.3 Sliding window analyses-------------------------------------------------------- 27 Fig. 1.4 Disease reaction to Magnaporthe grisea IK81-25 (AVRpita) on wild rice and rice cultivars--------------------------------------------------------- 28 Fig. 1.5 Geographic distributions of the surveyed haplogroups of the O. rufipogon and O. bathii accessions------------------------------------------ 29 Section II 30 Characterization of Defense Response Genes of Incompatible Interaction in Wild Rice O. rufipogon with Pi-ta Gene INTRODUCTION 31 MATERIALS AND METHODS 33 Leaf materials for microarray analysis---------------------------------------------- 33 Annotation of significantly regulated genes----------------------------------------- 34 RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 34 Metabolism reprogramming and protein-protein interaction are dominant following infection by rice blast----------------------------------------------------------- 34 Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are the majority induced genes------------------ 35 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be accumulated---------------------------- 37 Enzymes in tryptophan pathway and cytochrome P450s might catalyze specific metabolites--------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 OsRac4 and OsNPR1 might play the pivotal role in biotic stress--------------- 39 WRKYs might be crucial transcription factors for defense genes expression-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Table 2.1 Partial list of significantly induced and repressed genes (fold change >2 or < -2) in the incompatible interaction between wild rice and rice blast-------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Fig. 2.1 Numbers of genes expression in the incompatible interaction between wild rice O. rufipogon and rice blast M. grisea based on MIPS functional catalogue--------------------------------------------------- 43 LITERATURE CITED 45 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 微陣列分析 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 抗病 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 野生稻 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 稻熱病 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Pi-ta基因 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 多型性 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | rice blast | en |
| dc.subject | microarray | en |
| dc.subject | Disease resistance | en |
| dc.subject | polymorphism | en |
| dc.subject | wild rice | en |
| dc.subject | Pi-ta gene | en |
| dc.title | 野生稻抗病基因Pi-ta分子演化及其相關誘導防禦基因之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Molecular Evolution and Related Defense Response of Pi-ta Gene in Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 99-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 何國傑,鄭石通,黃士穎,江友中,陳凱儀 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 抗病,野生稻,稻熱病,Pi-ta基因,多型性,微陣列分析, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Disease resistance,wild rice,rice blast,Pi-ta gene,polymorphism,microarray, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 55 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2011-01-24 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 植物科學研究所 | |
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