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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳尊賢(Zueng-Sang Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chia-Hsing Lee | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 李家興 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T06:53:00Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2013-02-20 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2011-02-20 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2011-02-14 | |
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P. Huang, and H. E. Allen. 2000. Surface physical-chemical characteristics of sludge particulates. Water Environ. Res. 72:545-554. Wang, J., C. P. Huang, and H. E. Allen. 2003. Modeling heavy metal uptake by sludge particulates in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Water Res. 37:4835-4842. Wang, J., C. P. Huang, H. E. Allen, I. Poesponegoro, H. Poesponegoro, and L. R. Takiyama. 1999. Effects of dissolved organic matter and pH on heavy metal uptake by sludge particulates exemplified by copper(Ⅱ) and nickel(Ⅱ): three-variable model. Water Environ. Res. 71:139-147. Wang, J., C. P. Huang, H. E. Allen, L. R. Takiyama, I. Poesponegoro, H. Poesponegoro, and D. Pirestani. 1998. Acid characteristics of dissolved organic matter in wastewater. Water Environ. Res. 70:1041-1048. Wong, J. W. C., G. X. Li, and M. H. Wong. 1996. The growth of Brassica chinensis in heavy-metal-contaminated sewage sludge. Biores. Technol. 5:309-313. Wong, J. W. C., K. M. Lai, D. S. Su, and M. Fang. 2001. Availability of heavy metals for Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic loamy soil amended with a DOCestic and an industrial sewage sludge. Water Air Soil Pollut. 128: 339-353. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/48336 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 畜牧廢棄物堆肥化及民生廢水污泥經處理後成為生物性固體 (biosolids) 是資源回收再利用的方式之一。這類堆肥富含氮、磷等營養元素，但堆肥中重金屬如銅、鋅之含量偏高，在田間施用這類堆肥時必需考慮農業生態環境中氮、磷、重金屬之累積、生物有效性改變及淋失。本研究目的為探討污泥堆肥、豬糞堆肥抽出之可溶性有機碳 (dissolved organic carbon; DOC) 的添加對人工製備孵育之銅、鋅、鎘污染土壤中，銅、鋅、鎘釋放之影響；並藉由探討兩種粘粒、兩種DOC與銅、鋅、鎘及可溶性有機碳的交互作用來解釋pH及DOC影響銅、鋅、鎘吸脫附的機制。結果顯示，在重金屬釋放的試驗裡，與pH 3之HClO4溶液比，以酸化至pH 3之DOC為萃取液可加速銅、鋅、鎘之釋放。但在相同的pH值下，DOC溶液釋出鎘之累積量與不含DOC之HClO4溶液處理下之累積量差異不大，顯示系統中鎘的釋放主要受到pH的支配。銅的累積釋放量在相同的pH值下，以DOC萃出之處理較HClO4溶液的處理高；表示DOC可直接影響銅之釋放。與Pu土系坋質黏壤土比較，Sk土系砂質壤土在初期即釋放較多之銅、鋅、鎘且總累積釋放量亦較高。在田間土壤溶液之pH範圍間 (pH 3-10)，藉由多種酸位置之解離模式來擬合溶液或懸浮液的酸鹼消耗，可將本研究中材料抽出之DOC及標準黏粒之表面歸類為3種酸位置。將材料的酸特性代入多種位置之吸持模式後，可求得重金屬與微粒之表觀錯合常數KS。黏粒與不同重金屬之穩定常數KS 大小依序約為銅 > 鋅 > 鎘；且高嶺石、蒙特石之表面位置對此三種重金屬的吸持主要受到pH之支配。銅、鋅、鎘與兩種堆肥抽出之DOC作用後發生的沉澱量不高，其中銅約在pH 6.5、鋅約在pH 8.0、鎘約在pH 9.9左右時有最大量之沉澱發生。內湖二級污泥堆肥及豬糞堆肥抽出之DOC溶液在高嶺石、蒙特石上之吸持量隨DOC濃度增加而增加，隨pH增高而降低。銅、DOC以及黏粒之混合試驗中，DOC可減少銅在黏粒上之吸附，且DOC在黏粒上之吸附因為銅存在而增加；DOC可能與懸液中的微粒競爭銅，或與銅競爭黏粒上之位置，使更多的銅留存於溶液中；本研究結果可作為解釋銅在土壤中釋放受到DOC促進之參考。由試驗的結果，施用含重金屬之豬糞堆肥與民生廢水污泥堆肥，應推廣在非強酸性以及非粗質地之土壤，且應注意土壤pH與DOC的管理。堆肥中DOC溶液，可作為促進金屬污染土壤洗提復育之天然物質，特別是對銅。土壤構造複雜，仍需要更深入的研究來探討其間的反應，並使模式更加完備。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Application of composted swine manure and municipal wastewater sludge is an important procedure for resource recycling as well as one of environment-friendly disposal of wastes. Moreover, instead of incineration by composting of green-wastes presumably reduce carbon dioxide emission, the principal component of greenhouse gases. Application of organic-matter-enriched composts can promote soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, science swine fecal content high level of Cu and Zn and municipal wastewater sludge content high level of various heavy metals generally, applying of swine manure compost (SMC) and municipal wastewater sludge compost (MWSC) may lead to heavy metal accumulation in soils, leaching into ground water, uptake by plants, and further, hazards to food chain. Thus, the heavy metal movement in soils is important issue while applying this kind of composts. The retention and release of heavy metals in compost-soil-water suspensions are mainly affected by pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) acidity, particulate surface properties, and reaction strength between specific heavy metal and function group. The acidity of particulate surface and DOM implicate acid site density and acidity strength. In this study, one commercial SMC, one prepared MWSC (composting of straw and secondary sludge from Nei-Hu municipal wastewater treatment plant; NH2SC), two soils (Sk sandy loam and Pu silty clay loam), and two source clays (kaolinite and montmorillonite) are investigated to determine the acidity and Cd, Cu, and Zn retention of each material with multi-bounding-site model, and the effects of compost-derived DOC on Cd, Cu, and Zn release from artificial contaminated soils. The results of release experiments show that Cu release from soils was slower than Zn and Cd. Addition of 0.01 M compost-derived DOC accelerated metal release and pH decrease because of the organic matter buffering. The lack consistency of pH effect on accumulated release within different DOC treatments shows that DOC reacted with Cu directly and kept more Cu in solution than water did while DOC increased more Zn retention by particulates. Additionally, heavy metal release from Sk sandy loam was faster than that from Pu silty clam loam. With alkalimetric titration results within field pH range, multi-acid site model fitting revealed that kaolinite, montmorillonite and DOC extracted from SMC and NH2SC content 3 acid sites (model describable). With acidity parameters from multi-acid-site model, multi-bounding site model fitting, incorporating effects of pH, revealed that two or more function group contributed heavy metal retention in the suspensions. Therefore, the model provided better description than the original Langmuir isotherm model did. Metal retentions by particulates were governed by pH. The Coprecipitation of metals and DOC were unapparent. Furthermore, the comparison of estimated stability constants (log KS) of metal-clay complex are described in order as fallow: Cu > Zn > Cd. The results of Cu sorption in Cu-DOC-Clay suspensions supported that DOC can eather compete surface sites with Cu or compete Cu with Clay, and hance, Cu sorption onto clays can be decreased (i.e. release more Cu) by DOC. The application of DOC to enhace soil washing process for metal contaiminated soils couled be considered. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T06:53:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-D91623402-1.pdf: 1329906 bytes, checksum: bb2ae29bc3f049bbe86fcd6ecf4f4cce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘 要--------------------------------------------------I
Abstract----------------------------------------------III 目 錄--------------------------------------------------V 圖 目 錄---------------------------------------------VIII 表 目 錄-----------------------------------------------XI 第一章 前言--------------------------------------------1 第二章 研究目的----------------------------------------3 第三章 文獻回顧----------------------------------------4 –3.1 台灣農地土壤的有機質境況--------------------------4 ––3.1.1 土壤中有機質的功能----------------------------4 ––3.1.2 堆肥在台灣地區的施用--------------------------5 –3.2 污泥的來源與處置----------------------------------6 –3.3 施用豬糞堆肥或生物性固體可能造成的環境危害--------7 ––3.3.1 豬糞堆肥中的重金屬----------------------------7 ––3.3.2 污泥的土地利用與可能的環境危害----------------8 ––3.3.3 污泥中氮與磷的可能危害------------------------8 ––3.3.4 污泥中的重金屬--------------------------------9 ––3.3.5 作物吸收累積土壤中重金屬的高原概念-----------10 ––3.3.6 土壤中重金屬移動性之定時炸彈概念-------------12 –3.4 施用污泥的土壤中重金屬的移動性-------------------14 –3.5 重金屬的移動性在土壤中受到的影響-----------------15 –3.6 有機質對重金屬移動性的影響-----------------------17 –3.7 土壤黏粒與其表面官能基---------------------------19 ––3.7.1 層狀矽酸鹽之構造-----------------------------20 ––3.7.2 層狀矽酸鹽礦物之表面電荷---------------------21 –3.8 吸持作用與吸附等溫線-----------------------------23 –3.9 吸附等溫線之常見曲線模式-------------------------25 ––3.9.1 Langmuir Equation----------------------------25 ––3.9.2 van Bemmelen-Freundlich Isotherm-------------25 ––3.9.3 Henry Equation-------------------------------26 ––3.9.4 BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) Equation--------26 –3.10 以化學反應觀點之表面錯合模式--------------------27 ––3.10.1 等電容模式----------------------------------27 ––3.10.2 擴散層模式----------------------------------29 ––3.10.3 三層模式------------------------------------29 ––3.10.4 電荷分配多位置錯合模式----------------------30 第四章 材料與方法-------------------------------------36 –4.1 堆肥、黏粒與農田土壤之取得及製備-----------------36 –4.2 人工孵育污染土壤之重金屬釋放試驗-----------------38 –4.3 黏粒-金屬之吸附動力試驗--------------------------39 –4.4 水之酸鹼消耗-------------------------------------41 –4.5 重金屬的水解-------------------------------------42 –4.6 單質子酸與多質子酸之酸鹼消耗---------------------45 –4.7 黏粒表面之酸特性---------------------------------47 –4.8 DOC溶液之酸特性及其酸沉澱現象--------------------48 –4.9 黏粒對重金屬之吸持作用與多種酸位置之吸持模式-----50 –4.10 不同pH對重金屬與DOC沉澱之影響-------------------52 –4.11 不同pH對黏粒吸持DOC之影響-----------------------53 –4.12 不同pH對金屬-黏粒-DOC系統中固液相平衡之影響-----53 –4.13 化學分析方法與統計分析--------------------------54 第五章 試驗結果---------------------------------------57 –5.1 試驗材料之基本性質-------------------------------57 –5.2 人工孵育污染土壤之重金屬釋放試驗-----------------61 ––5.2.1 鎘之釋放試驗---------------------------------61 ––5.2.2 鋅之釋放試驗---------------------------------61 ––5.2.3 銅之釋放試驗---------------------------------65 ––5.2.4 討論-----------------------------------------65 –5.3 不同時間之黏粒-金屬吸持試驗----------------------72 –5.4 水分子解離常數與金屬的水解常數-------------------73 –5.5 黏粒表面之酸特性---------------------------------73 –5.6 DOC溶液之酸特性及其酸化沉澱現象------------------79 –5.7 黏粒對重金屬之吸持作用---------------------------85 ––5.7.1黏粒對銅之吸持--------------------------------85 ––5.7.2 鋅之吸持-------------------------------------92 ––5.7.3 鎘之吸持-------------------------------------99 –5.8 不同pH對重金屬與DOC沉澱之影響-------------------110 ––5.8.1 銅與兩種DOC之沉澱---------------------------110 ––5.8.2 鋅與兩種DOC之沉澱---------------------------114 ––5.8.3 鎘與兩種DOC之沉澱---------------------------117 –5.9 不同pH對黏粒吸持DOC之影響-----------------------124 –5.10 銅-DOC-黏粒混合懸液之吸持行為------------------129 ––5.10.1 懸液中液相銅之濃度與pH之關係---------------129 ––5.10.2 懸液中pH與銅之固相比率的關係---------------129 ––5.10.3 懸液中銅之吸附等溫線-----------------------132 ––5.10.4 懸液中DOC之吸持行為------------------------132 第六章 結論------------------------------------------136 參考文獻----------------------------------------------137 附 錄-------------------------------------------------149 –A. 水之滴定曲線-------------------------------------149 –B. 重金屬的水解-------------------------------------152 ––B-1. 銅之水解-------------------------------------152 ––B-2. 鋅之水解-------------------------------------152 ––B-3. 鎘之水解-------------------------------------156 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 高嶺石 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 釋放 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 吸持 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 重金屬 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 可溶性有機碳 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 糞堆肥 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 污泥堆肥 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 蒙特石 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | municipal wastewater sludge compost | en |
| dc.subject | release | en |
| dc.subject | sorption | en |
| dc.subject | heavy metals | en |
| dc.subject | DOC | en |
| dc.subject | montmorillonite | en |
| dc.subject | kaolinite | en |
| dc.subject | swine manure compost | en |
| dc.title | 可溶性有機碳對兩種土壤吸脫附銅鋅鎘之影響 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon on Copper, Zinc, and Cadmium Sorption onto Two Soils | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 99-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李達源(Dar-Yuan Lee),鍾仁賜(Ren-shih Chung),吳先琪(Shian-Chee Wu),李篤中(Duu-Jong Lee),王敏昭(Min-Chao Wang) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 高嶺石,蒙特石,污泥堆肥,猪,糞堆肥,可溶性有機碳,重金屬,吸持,釋放, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | swine manure compost,municipal wastewater sludge compost,kaolinite,montmorillonite,DOC,heavy metals,sorption,release, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 158 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2011-02-14 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 農業化學系 | |
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