從比較法觀點論表演人權利保護之研究

Abstract

關於表演人權利於我國法之規範，經濟部智慧財產局曾於函釋中說明，表演自民國七十四年著作權法修正施行以來均受保護。為我國加入世界貿易組織預作準備，著作權法於八十七年進行大幅度修正與調整，明訂關於表演人權利保護之規範，並因應表演性質上之不同，於各項權利內容分別作特別規定。 自現行條文以觀，我國對表演人權利之保護乃以著作權保護方式為之，惟於文字用語及權利範圍等部分，皆仍保留鄰接權之特色。是此，關於表演人權利保護方式之定位問題，於學說上尚存爭議而未有定見，並進而影響實務運作上對表演人權利範圍之解釋與看法。又我國身為WTO會員國，對於TRIPS之條文內容有義務遵守之，且依TRIPS規定，應對羅馬公約等國際條約予以尊重。因此，對各該國際條約中所設最低保護標準，均應加以了解並考量作為國內立法之基準，以利我國與WTO或其他國際組織間相互交流。 鑑於與表演人權利保護相關之種種疑問，本文擬運用比較法學之方式，透過伯恩公約、羅馬公約、TRIPS、WPPT與世界智慧財產權組織著作權條約等國際公約內容，與美國、德國、中國大陸之外國立法例及學說實務論述，輔以英國、法國、南韓、澳洲等國之著作權法律規範作為研究基礎，綜觀我國立法過程紀錄與學說實務見解，檢討現行法規範之妥適性。再者，與表演產業之經營管理相關之報導亦為本文研究之重要素材，以切合實務運作之需求。文末，本文將綜合分析各該規定之優劣，並提出具體修正建議，期盼藉之引起各界重視與討論。

Concerning the regulations of performers’ rights in Taiwan, Intellectual Property Office had held that performances are protected since the implementation of amendments to the 1985 Copyright Law. In order to join the World Trade Organization, legislators conducted a series of substantial adjustment to Copyright Law in 1998, to formulate the protection rules of performers’ rights explicitly and, taking account of the nature of performances, they made particular rules to each content of rights. Looking into the articles of Copyright Law in Taiwan, it seems that we adopt the copyright approach to protect performers’ rights. However, the terms in text and scope of performers’ rights still remain the characteristics of neighboring rights. The way to protect performers’ rights consequently leaves dispute and is unable to form a stable opinion. Furthermore, such circumstance affects interpretations and perceptions to scope of performers’ rights in practical operation. As a member of WTO, we have obligation to comply with TRIPS provisions, and in accordance with TRIPS, we should respect the Rome Convention and other international treaties. Therefore, the minimum protection for performance in these treaties should be understood and considered as the basis of domestic legislation, to facilitate communication between Taiwan and WTO or other international organizations. In view of above issues, this research intends to examine legality of existing norms through comparative study method. The basic materials of legal research include the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention, TRIPS, WPPT, WCT, and cases and discussions of theories in foreign legislations, such as the United States, Germany, China, the United Kingdom, France, South Korea, Australia and so on. Moreover, the reports related to management of performance industry are also significant to meet the demand for practice. The result of this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the merits of each provision and proposes specific amendment recommendations, in order to arouse further attention and discussion.