農會信用部主要財務比率對資本適足程度與經營績效評估標準之關聯性研究

Abstract

台灣40年前的社經環境還是農業社會，故農業金融在台灣已有數百年的歷史，近數十年來因社經環境變遷，農業生產條件式微，農業產值不斷下降，農業金融機構－農會信用部面臨了存亡的關頭。由於政府與社會各界凝聚共識，農業金融法於2003完成立法程序；於2004年1月30日開始施行，從此開啟了農會信用部經營與管理新的紀元。 本研究應用相關分析、迴歸分析、典型相關分析、徑路分析與集群分析之統計分析法，針對農會信用部各項財務數據資料實施關聯性研究，本研究實證結果顯示，有12個主要財務比率對資本適足程度與經營績效具有顯著性的關聯；以典型相關分析模式分析主要財務比率對資本適足程度與經營績效，發現截取第一與第二典型相關即能解釋92.9％的相關性；將資本適足程度與經營績效之評估標準解析其主要變數，發現逾期放款比率與資本適足程度關聯最強；員工平均獲利額則是經營績效的綜合性表徵變數。 基於本研究的研究所得，提出對農業金融法及其相關子法規之修法建議，亦即建議修正差異化管理之分類標準與資本適足程度之評估標準，並建議對農會信用部的分類（級）技術與逾期放款比率做後續的研究。

The socio-economic environment in Taiwan was still agricultural 40 year ago. The agricultural finance had several hundred years of history in Taiwan. Due to changes in the socio-economic environment in recent decades, the agricultural production has been declining, agricultural output has been dropping, and the agricultural-financial institution, Credit Department of Farmers' Association, is facing a critical time of a matter of life and death. As the consensus between the government and community was made, the Agricultural Finance Law completed the legislative procedures in 2003. It has been executed starting from January 30, 2004. Ever since the operation and management of the Credit Department of Farmers' Association has opened its new era. This research used the statistical analysis methods such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis, path analysis, and cluster analysis to study the correlation among the various financial data from Credit Department of Farmers' Association. This research shows that there are 12 major financial ratios that have a remarkable correlation between capital adequacy and the association’s operating performance. By analyzing how key financial ratios impacted capital adequacy and operating performance using canonical correlation analysis model, I found that the interception of the first and second canonical correlation could explain the relevance up to 92.9%. By analyzing the main variables using the evaluation criteria of capital adequacy and operating performance, I found that Non-performing loan ratio has the strongest correlation with capital adequacy. In addition, average profit per employee has become a comprehensive characterization variable of operating performance. Based on the findings of this research, I proposed to amend the Agricultural Finance Law and its related derived laws (i.e. to revise the classification standard of variation management and to reevaluate the appraisal standard of capital adequacy.) I also suggested a follow-up research on the technique of classification (level) and non-performing loan ratio of the Credit Department of Farmers' Association.