適溫及高溫下短期氯化鈉逆境對三品種耐熱小果番茄之影響

Abstract

高溫不利番茄生產，台灣夏季必須栽培耐熱品種番茄，但主要產區西南平原土壤鹽化日益嚴重，台灣育成的耐熱品種植株耐鹽性及高鹽下的生育表現尚未清楚，而自然界中環境逆境常連帶發生，對於番茄同時遭遇高溫及高鹽逆境時的生育表現亦未有詳細研究，因此本篇論文利用台灣常見的三品種小果番茄：高度耐熱性’台南亞蔬19號’及’種苗亞蔬22號’與中度耐熱性’花蓮亞蔬21號’，分別於適溫(第二章)及高溫(第三章)下以盆植方式栽培，於結果期使用四濃度NaCl溶液澆灌處理20天，以期了解高鹽及高溫雙重逆境對生育的影響和三品種番茄對NaCl的耐受度差異。 常溫下短期NaCl處理造成葉片數、葉面積、單果鮮重、產量、地上部及植株總乾重下降，果實乾物率、果實內可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量增加，推測與水分吸收減少有關，其中產量只受果實鮮重影響與果實數無關，而植株鮮重、地下部乾重、地下部及地上部乾重比、花朵數、花序數、果實數、著果率、果實乾重、乾物產量及劣質果比率則不受NaCl影響。三品種中’種苗亞蔬22號’營養生長最差但單果鮮乾重及產量最高，’台南亞蔬19號’則相反，且可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量最高、乾物率亦最高。以果實及產量表現來看’種苗亞蔬22號’的耐鹽性優於另兩品種，但營養生長對NaCl的反應來看則以’台南亞蔬19號’較佳。 高溫下短期NaCl處理使大多數生長參數表現下降，推測與高溫背景下造成較嚴重滲透逆境有關，植株地下部地上部乾重比、果實乾物率、糖度及劣質果比率上升，地下部鮮、乾重則不受影響。高度耐熱品種‛台南亞蔬19號’營養生長最差但著果率、果實數、產量皆最高，’花蓮亞蔬21號’則相反，著果率影響果實數、果實數及單果鮮重影響總產量，NaCl對’花蓮亞蔬21號’的營養生長影響較小。

High temperature has negative effects of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill) production. Heat tolerant tomato cultivars are needed in summer Taiwan. But the saline soil problem is getting more and more serious in the main habitat. The salt tolerance of the Taiwan-bred heat-tolerant cultivars was not well research. And the different stress could happen at the same time in the nature. It’s also unclear about the tomato growth and development under double stress of heat and salt. To document the effects of salt and salt with high temperature to the plant growth, fruit yield and quality of three different levels heat-tolerant tomato cultivars, ‘Tainan ASVEG No.19’, ‘Hualien ASVEG No.21’ and ‘Taiwan seed ASVEG No.22’ were grown in the pot and treated with four levels sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 20 days at fruiting phase under Summer 2009 and Fall 2009 respectively. Under optimal temperature, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight per fruit, yield, shoot and total dry weight decreased with NaCl treated. But fruit dry matter (%), total soluble solid (oBrix) and titratable acidity (%) increased. And other parameters were not affected by the treatments. ‘Taiwan seed ASVEG No.22’ has the largest yield but lowest vegetative growth. ‘Tainan ASVEG No.19’ was opposed. The yield was only affected by fresh weight of single fruit. Under salinity, ‘Taiwan seed ASVEG No.22’ had higher yield and ‘Hualien ASVEG No.21’ had better vegetative growth. Under high temperature, NaCl caused decrease of most parameters. It may related to the strong osmotic stress due to the high temperature. But, root/shoot ratio, fruit dry matter (%), total soluble solids and unmarketable fruit (%) increased. ‘Tainan ASVEG No.19’ had low vegetative growth but the highest fruit set (%), fruit number and yield. ‘Hualien ASVEG No.21’ was opposed. ‘Hualien ASVEG No.21’ had better vegetative growth.