中共抗美援朝後勤作戰研究1950-1953

Abstract

抗美援朝戰爭是中共建國後第一場對外戰爭，雖然並未公開宣戰，但是，以戰爭的規模和參戰國家之多來看，皆是有限戰爭中的翹楚，也吸引世界各國的學者投入研究。本博士論文的著眼點，是針對戰爭過程中中共如何進行後勤作戰，以致掌握海空軍優勢的聯軍，無法徹底切斷其後勤補給，使戰爭延續三年，最終以和談收場。 本論文主要依據中共方面的相關檔案來立論，希望能深入問題核心，來闡述此重要的課題。全文分為八章，除了第一章緒論和第八章結論外，其餘各章的主要重點分別是：第二章：追溯人類後勤作戰的起源，從中確定後勤的內容，進而闡述後勤工作的變遷，並探討兵站制度的相關問題。第三章：從中共決定出兵開始，如何進行後勤準備、建立後勤系統，到出兵後如何調整後勤工作。第四章：中共如何建立專責機構，將兵站體系化，並配合陣地坑道化進行調整。第五章：為對抗聯軍的猛烈轟炸，中共如何建設炸不爛的鋼鐵運輸線，加強運補防空系統的建設。第六章：討論中國內地如何進行後勤支援，讓兵源與物資的供應源源不絕。第七章：討論中共如何推展抗美援朝運動，動員全國的人力物力，增加生產，從事國際宣傳，使共產圈活躍起來響應，建立統一宣傳的聲勢。 抗美援朝戰爭是民主自由陣營與共產陣營的武力對抗，雖然聯軍掌握武力的優勢，但是，在中共群策群力、舉國動員的努力下，藉由後勤的變革與調整，使戰爭終究以平手收場，朝鮮半島迄今分裂，其影響甚為深遠。撇開戰爭的勝負不論，中共後勤作戰的寶貴經驗，及其對世界軍事後勤的改進，都產生重大影響。也令此戰爭，更具深刻的意義與內涵，值得再加以挖掘研究。

Even though CPC did not declare war in Korean War, Korean War was the first external war after the People’s Republic of China (CPC) was founded. But in the view of the scale of war and having plenty of belligerent states, Korean War is prominent in limited wars. Korean War attracts worldwide scholars to invest in conducting research on the Korean War. This dissertation focuses on how CPC proceeded to doing logistics supply, so that the allied forces which control the air force superiority, could not cut the logistics support. For this reason, Korean War lasted for three years, and ended with peaceful negotiation. The theory of this thesis is written according to the relative documents that combine the focus of related research in order to explain and describe the important subject. This thesis contains nine chapters excluding except the first chapter, the Preface and the ninth chapter Conclusion. The principal content lies in the rest of chapters are：The second chapter’s context to discuss going back to the origin of man and war to clarify the context, also further elaborate the change of global logistics in order to discuss the relative questions about the system of Military Depot. The third chapter discusses China’s decision to dispatch troops to prepare logistics for war, and to build the system of logistics, China’s procedure to regulate the works of logistics. The chapter four covers China’s construction of the Volunteers Army’s Logistics Commander Headquarters in specific responsibility, and the construction of the system of Military Depot to accord the adjustment of the Tunnel Organization in the battlefield. The chapter five discusses China and North Korea escaping the fierce bombing of Allied Forces, China’s construction of the transportation lines of the solid Steel to strengthen the establishment of the system of transportation and subsidy to the Air Defense. Chapter six discusses the supply of logistics in Chinese inland, in order to obtaining the main power soldiers subsidy and obtaining the continuous materials-food to supply. Chapter seven covers worldwide communist support for China’s Mobilization of an Anti-America support movement, to mobilize all China’s people and material sources to improve the productions, to engage in international proclamation, to let the International Communist actively participate in the war, and to build the proclamation of Unification. Chapter eight clarifies the importance of Air-Defense in logistics battle, the important influence in logistics works to mobilize the majority of manpower and the logistics works to regulate and renew the battle processes. Korean War was armed with strength resistance between democratic free camp and communist camp. Although the united forces grasped the armed strength superiority, CPC still worked with collective wisdom and concerted efforts and mobilized the whole nation, and through the reform and regulate of logistics, let the war ended in a draw. So far, Korean peninsula is still separated, and the effect is far from eight. No matter who won the war, CPC got the pleasure experience from logistics and improved the worldwide military logistics, bringing an significant effect. Korean War was the war which contained deep meaning and connotation, and has the value to excavate and research.