校園環境之景觀生態結構對使用者生心理影響之研究

Abstract

現代人特別是生活在都市環境中的人們常感到壓力，而這些壓力、焦慮狀態會對人們的生理及心理健康產生負面的影響，而自然環境可以讓我們獲得恢復的效益，但在都市當中自然環境相對來說較少，因此校園環境在此就扮演很重要的角色。本研究目的在於檢視校園環境的景觀結構指數對於受測者的生心理反應的影響，本研究選取台灣大學校總區20處校園環境進行調查，並利用Arc Map地理資訊系統軟體對研究樣點進行數化，將校園環境的土地覆蓋類型(LCT)分為草荒地、人工地盤、林地及水體四類，並計算各項景觀結構指數，所採用的指數包含塊區數目(NP)、平均塊區大小(MPS)、平均形狀指標(MSI)、面積百分比(PERCLAND)。並在現地收集資料，利用注意力恢復量表(PRS)、景觀偏好做為心理測量工具以及收集受測者的肌電值(EMG)與心跳(HR)做為生理反應的指標。研究結果指出越大面積且自然形式的草荒地的偏好及PRS評值越高，水體塊區大小越大，心跳速率越低，而人工地盤會對心理反應造成負面的影響，在校園環境較適合破碎的林地組成方式，而林地的面積越大，越能使肌電值下降，讓人感到放鬆，藉由本研究結果希望未來能應用在校園規劃設計上，能帶來更健康的環境。

People who live in urban are often stress on job and society. Because these all kind of stress and anxiety, many people have been shown negative impact on both physical and psychological. The natural environment has physical and psychological effects on the recovery, but the people who live in the city have seldom chances to close the natural environment. Therefore, school plays a very important role to people live in urban. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among different landscape structure index and respondents’ attention level, landscape preference and their physiological responses. This study chose 20 campus settings in National Taiwan University and collected samples from every settings. The study applied of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to digitize the aerial photography of every campus settings and classify land cover type into four different types -grassland, artificial land, forest land and waterbody. Then we calculate the landscape structure indices of each setting. In this study we chose four Landscape structure indices including Number of Patches(NP), Mean Patch Size(MPS), Mean Shape Index(MSI), and Percentage of Landscape (PERCLAND).We collected research data on-site. The Perceived restorativeness scale (PRS) and landscape preference were applied as the index of respondents' psychological responses. The physical response includes Electromyography (EMG) and Heart rate (HR). Large areas of grass, waterbody and more natural shape of the grass land, waterbody were more preferred and better for attention restoration. And the higher waterbody’s mean patch size the lower heart rate. Artificial land would have a negative impact on landscape quality. The campus environment is more suitable for spread the planting of trees. And the higher forest land’s percentage the lower EMG activity. This means that people feel relaxed. The information can help the site plan make the environment become a healthy place.