請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46508
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 馬鴻文 | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsiu-Ching Shih | en |
dc.contributor.author | 施秀靜 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T05:12:45Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-08-20 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-08-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-08-18 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Abbott, J., Coleman, P., Howlett, L., and Wheeler, P.,” Environmental and Health Risk Associated with Use of Processed Incinerator Bottom Ash in Road Construction, ” BREWEB , 2003.
Aberg, A., Kumpiene, J. and Eck, H., “ Evaluation and prediction of emissions from a road a road built with bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI),” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 355, pp. 1-12, 2006. ASTM, “E1739-95 Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum Release Sites,” 1995. Australian Government, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation,” Life Cycle Assessments: A useful tool for Australian agriculture,” 2009. Azapagic, A.,” Life Cycle Assessment and its Application to Process Selection,” Design and Optimization.Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol.73, pp.1 – 21, 1999. Bennett, D.H., Margni, M.D., McKone, T.E., Jolliet, O.,” Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: a tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment,” Risk Analysis, Vol. 22, pp.905-918, 2004. Birgisdóttir, H., “Life cycle assessment model for road construction and use of residues from waste incineration,” Ph. D.-thesis. Institute of Environmental and Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2005. Birgisdóttir, H., Pihl, K. A., Bhander, G., Hauschild, M. Z., Christensen, T. H., “Environmental assessment of roads constructed with and without bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration,” Transportation Research Part D 11, pp.358-368, 2006. Briggs, D.J., “A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risk,” Environmental Health, Vol. 7, 2008. Brown, S. L., “Quantitative risk assessment of environmental hazards,” Ann. Rev. Public Health. Vol. 6, pp. 247-26,1985. Brunner, P.H. and Rechberger, H.,” Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis,” Lewis Publishers, 2003. Chambers, R., Herendeen, R., Joyce, J. and Penner, P.,” Gasohol: Does it or doesn’t it produce positive,” Net Energy Science, Vol.206, pp.790 – 795, 1979. Chen, B.Y. and Lin, K.L., “ Biotoxicity assessment on reusability of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. B136, pp.741-746, 2006. Chen, W.T., “The Road Management in the Taiwanese Region Safeguards the Research of Aggressive Strategy (Take Taoyuan County as an example),” Master thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan, 2005. Chen, Y.C. and Ma, H.W.,” Combining the cost of reducing uncertainty with the selection of risk assessment models for remediation decision of site contamination. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.14, pp.17-26, 2007. Chen, B.,” Water pollution simulation and health risk assessment through a refined contaminant transport model,” Water Air Soil Pollution, Vol.200, pp.323-339, 2009. Commission of the European Communities,” Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment,” Official Journal of the European Communities, L175, pp. 40–48. , 1985. Commission of the European Communities, “Report from the Commission of the Implementation of Directive 85/337/EEC,” Commission of the European Communities , 1993. Cole, B. L. and Fielding, J. E.,” Health Impact Assessment: A tool to help policy makers understand health beyond health care,” Annu. Rev. Public Health, Vol. 28, pp. 393-412, 2007. Collins, J. and Koplan, J.P., ” Health Impact Assessment- A step toward health in all policies,” American Medical Association, Vol. 302, pp.315-317, 2009. Danish EPA,” Mass Flow Analysis of Chromium and Chromium Compounds,” Environmental Project No.793, 2003. Droppo, J.A., Whelan, G., Buck, J.W., Strenge, D.L.,” Supplemental Mathematical Formulations: The Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS),” Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington,1989. Environmental Software Consultants, Inc., “ SEVIEW : Integrated Contaminate Transport and Fate Modeling System — User’s Guide,” Madison, Wisconsin, January , 2006. European Parliament and Council of the EU,” Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment,” Office Journal of the Communities, L197, pp.30-37,2001. Finnveden, G., Nilsson, M., Johansson, J., Persson, A., Moberg, A., Carlsson, T.,” Strategic environmental assessment methodologies—applications within the energy sector,” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol.23,pp.91-123, 2003. Fischer, T. B., Matuzzi, M. and Nowacki, J., “The consideration of health in strategic environmental assessment,” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol.30, pp. 200-210, 2010. Flemström, K., Carlson, P., Erixon, M.,” Relationships Between Life Cycle Assessment and Risk Assessment,” Industrial Environmental Informatics(IMI), Chalmers University of Technology, 2004. Forteza, R., Far, M., Segui, C. and Cerdå, V., “Characterization of Bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerators for its use in road base,” Waste Management, Vol. 24, pp.899-909, 2004. Gaines, L.,” Energy and Materials Use in the Production and Recycling of Consumer Goods Packaging,” Final Report ANL/CNSV-TM-58, Argonne National Laboratory, U.S.A, 1981. Gamo, M., Oka, T., Nakanishi, J., “A method evaluating population risks from chemical exposure: a case study concerning prohibition of chlordane use in Japan,” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 21, pp.151-157, 1995. Cuijie, G., Dezhen, C., Wenzhou, S., and Pu, L., “Life cycle Assessment for roadbase construction using bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Shanghai,” Shanghai Government Energy Concervaiotn & Emission Abatement special project, grant No. 08DZ1204004, 2010. Glorennec, P,; Zmirou, D.; Bard, D.,”Public health benefits of compliance with current E.U. emissions standards for municipal waste incinerators: A health risk assessment with CalTox multimedia exposure model,” Environment International, Vol.31, pp.693-701, 2005. Goldsmith, E. and Allen, R.,” A Blueprint for Survival,” 1972. Guinée, J.B., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., Boelens, J., Fraanje, P.J., Huppes, G., Kandelaars, P.P.A.A.H., Lexmond, T.M., Moolennar, S.W., Olsthoorn, A.A., de Haes, H.A.U., Verkuijlen, E., van der Voet, E.,” Evaluation of Risks of Metal Flows and Accumulation in Economy and Environment,” Ecological Economics, Vol. 30, pp. 47-65, 1999. Harris-Roxas, B. and Harris, E.,” Differing forms, differing purposes: A typology of health impact assessment,” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, in press. Hawkins, T.R., Matthews, H.S., Hemdrickson, C.,” Closing the loop on Cadmium-An assessment of the material cycle of cadmium in the US,” International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 11, pp. 38-48, 2006. Hjelmar, O., Holm, J., Crillesen, K.,” Utilisation of MSWI bottom ash sub-base in road construction: First result from a large-scale test site,” Journal Hazardous Materials, pp.471-480, 2007. Huijbregts, M. A.J., Geelen, L.M.J., Hertwich, E.G., McKone, T.E., van de Meent, D.,” A comparison between the multimedia fate and exposure models CalTox and uniform system for evaluation of substances adapted for life-cycle assessment based on the population intake fraction of toxic pollutants,” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 24, pp.486-493, 2005. ILCD (International Reference Life Cycle Data System),”General Guide Life Cycle Assessment-Detailed guidance,”European Commission, 2010a. ILCD (International Reference Life Cycle Data System),”Analysis of existing Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies for use in Life Cycle Assessment,”European Commission, 2010b. ILCD (International Reference Life Cycle Data System),”Framework and Requirements for Life Cycle Impact Assessment models and indicators,”European Commission, 2010c. ISO 14040,” Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework,” International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1997. ISO 14041,” Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis,” International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1998. ISO 14042,” Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Life Cycle Impact Assessment,” International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 2000a. ISO 14043,” Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Life Cycle Interpretation,”International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 2000b. Jackman, T.M., Roffman, H.K.,” Assessment of Potential Human Health and Environmental Effects From The Benefical Use of American Ash Recycling Corporation’s Treated Ash Aggregate,” Dow Environmental INC., dei project number 2581.000 , 1995. Johnson, C.A., Kersten, M., Ziegler, F. and Moor, H.C.,” Leaching behavior and solubility controlling solid phases of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration ash,” Waste Management, Vol. 16, pp.129-134, 1996. Kamman, O.E. and Gustafsson, J.P.,” Environmental systems analysis of the use bottom ash from incineration of municipal waste for road construction,” Conservation Recycle, Vol. 48, pp.26-40, 2006. Kao, M., Tsan, M., Yeh, W.,” Health and obesity of Taiwan citizens,” Chinese Nutrition Journal. Vol. 22, pp. 143-171 (in Chinese), 1997. Kao, W.Y., Ma, H.W., Wang, L.C. and Chang-Chien, G.P., “ Site-specific health risk assessment of dioxins and furans in a industrial region with numerous emission sources,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.145, pp.471-481, 2007. Khan, F. I. and Husain, T., “Risk-based monitored natural attenuation—a case study,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, pp.243-272, 2001. Kosson, D. S., van der Shoot, H. A., Eighmy, T. T., “An approach for estimation of contaminant release during utilization and disposal of municipal waste combustion residues,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 47, pp.43-75, 1996. Kuczenski, B., Geyer, R. and Boughton, B., “Tracking yoxicants: Toward a life cycle aware risk assessment,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.45, pp.45-50, 2011. Kuzmack, A.M. and McGanghy, R.E., “Quantitative Risk Assessment for Community Exposure to Vinyl Chloride,” USEPA Office of Planning and Management of Office of Health and Ecological Effects, 1975. Kwonponsagoonm, S., Waite, D., Moore, S.,” Use of information on material flux analysis for human health risk assessment at regional scales: Cadmium as a case study in Australia,” 10th LCA Case Studies Symposium, 2002. Lewis, C.” Energy Considerations of Biofuels Production,” In: San Pietro, A., ed. Biochemical and Photosynthetic Aspects of Energy Production. Academic Press, New York, 1980. Lindqvist, A. and von Malmborg, L.,” What can we learn from local substance flow analysis? The review of Cadmium flows in Swedish Municipalities,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 12, pp. 909-918, 2004. Liptak, J.F. and Lombardo, G.,” The development of chemical-specific, risk-based soil cleanup guidelines results in timely and cost-effective remediation,” Journal of Soil Contamination, Vol.5, pp.83-94, 1996. Lundholm, M. P. and Sundstrom, G.,” Resource and Environmental Impact of Tetra Brik Carton and Refillable and Non-Refillable Glass Bottles,” Tetra Brik Aseptic Environmental Profile, AB Tetra Pak, Malmo, Sweden, 1985. Ma, H.W., “The incorporation of stochasticity in risk analysis and management: a case study,” Stochastic Environmental Reasearch and Risk Assessment, Vol. 14, pp.195-206, 2000. Huijbregts, M., Hauschild, M., Jolliet, O., Margni, M., McKone, T., Rosenbaum, R.K., van de Meent, D., “USEtox™- User manual,” 2010. Matthews, H.S., Lave, L., MacLean, H., “Life cycle impact assessment: A challenge for risk analysis,” Risk Analysis, Vol.22, pp.853-860, 2002. Mcdougall, F., White, P., Franke, M., Hindle, P., “ Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Life Cycle Inventory,” Blackwell Publishing, 2001. MDH Engineered Solution Corp., “Evaluation of Computer Model for Predicting the Fate and Transport of Salt in Soil and Groundwater,” Science and Standard Branch Alberta Environment, 2003. Meadows, D.H., “The limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind,” Universe Book, New York, 1972. Meneses, M., Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J.L., “Health risk of emissions of dioxin and furans from a municipal waste incinerator: comparison with other emission sources,” Environment International, Vol.30, pp.481-489, 2004. Mohrenweiser, H.W., Jones, I.M.,” Variation in DNA repair is a factor in cancer susceptibility: a paradigm for the promises and perils of individual and population risk estimation?” Mutation Research, Vol. 400, pp.15-24, 1998. Morra, P., Bagli, S., Spadoni, G., “The analysis of human health risk with a detailed procedure operating in a GIS environment,” Environment International, Vol.32, pp.444-454, 2006. Nishioka, Y., Levy, J.I., Norris, G.A.,” Integrating air pollution, climate change, and economics in a risk-based life cycle analysis: A case study of residential insulation,” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Vol.12, pp.552-571, 2006. Nordic Council of Ministers,” Nordic Guidelines on Life-Cycle Assessment, 1995. Nouwen, J., Cornelis, C., De Fré R., Wevers, M., Viaene, P., Mensink, C., Patyn, J., Verschaeve, L., Hooghe, R., Maes, A., Collier, M., Schoeters, G., Van Cleuvenbergen, R., Geuzens, P.,”Health risk assessment of dioxin emissions from municipal waste incinerators: the Neerlandquarter,” Chemosphere, Vol.43, pp.909-923, 2001. Nowacki, J., Martuzzi, M., and Fischer,T. B., “ Health and strategic environmental assessment,” WHO consultation meeting, 2009. NRC (National Research Council),”Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process,” Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1983. NRC (National Research Council),”Science and Decision: Advancing Risk Assessment,” Washington DC: National Academy Press, 2008. Bina, O., “Strategic Environmental Assessment in :Innovation in Environmental Policy? Integrating environment for sustainability,” edited by Jordan, Andrew J. and Lenschow, Andrea, Edward Elgar Publish, 2009. Olsson, S., “Environmental assessment of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in road constructions,” Ph. D.-thesis, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm , 2005. OMB/OSTP (Office of Management and Budget/Office of Science and Technology Policy),” Updated Principles for Risk Analysis,” Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies, from Susan E. Dudley, Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, and Sharon L. Hays, Associate Director and Deputy Director for Science, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC., 2007. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), “ Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment,” DAC Guideline and Reference Series, 2006. Petkovic, G., Engelsen, C. J., Håoya, A., Breedveld, G., “Environmental impact from the use of recycled materials in road construction: method for decision-making in Norway,” Resources Conservation & Recycling, Vol. 42, pp.249-264, 2004. Raymond, R.T., Alvin, B.C.,” Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment: A Tool for Public and Corporate Policy Development.” http://www.lcacenter.org/library/pdf/PSME2002a.pdf Rehr, A.P., Small, M.J., Matthews, H.S., Hendrickson, C.T.,“ Economic sources and spatial distribution of airborne chromium risk in the U.S.,” Environmental Science & Technology (in press), 2010. Robson, M.G. and Toscano, W.A., “Risk Assessment for Environmental Health,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. Ryu, H., Han, J. K., Jung, J. W., Bae, B. and Nam, K., “Human Health Risk Assessment of Explosives and Heavy Metals at a Military Gunnery Range,” Environ Geochem Health, Vol.29, pp.259-269,2007. Sadler, B., “Strategic Environmental Assessment at the policy Level: Recent progress, Current Status and Future Prospects,” Czech Republic: Ministry of the environment, 2005. Sadler, B., Aschemann, R., Dusik, J., Fischer, T.B., Partidário, M. R. and Verheem, R., “ Handbook of Strategic Environmental Assessment,” EARTHSCAN, 2011. Salhofer, S., Wassermann, G., Binner, E.,” Strategic environmental assessment as an approach to assess waste management system. Experience from an Austrian case study,” Environmental Modelling & Sofeware, Vol. 22, 610-618, 2007. Science Applications International Corporation, “Record of Decision for Soil, Buried Waste, and subsurface Structure Action in Zone 2, East Tennessee Technology Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,” U.S. Department of Energy ,2005. Science Applications International Corporation, “Feasibility Study for Ramsdell Quarry Landfill (FINAL),”U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2006. Sound Resource Management Group, Inc.,” Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Management Strategies with a Zero Waste Objective,” Solid Waste Management System in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, 2009. Spadaro, J.V. and Rabl, A., “Pathway analysis for population-total health impacts of toxic metal emissions,” Risk Analysis, Vol. 24, pp.1121-1141, 2004. Stephenson, S.,” Health Impact Assessment,” Greater Manchester Sexual Health Network, 2010. Smith, S., Richardson, J., and McNab, A., “Towards a more efficient and effective use of Strategic Environmental Assessment and Sustainability Appraisal in spatial planning, Final Report,” Scott Wilson Ltd., Department for Communities and Local Government, London, 2010. Strenge, D.L., Chamberlain, P.J., “ Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS): Exposure Pathway and Human Health Impact Assessment Model,” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 2002. Taiwan Department of Health. “Compilation of Exposure Factors,” 2008. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration,” Guidelines for Health Risk Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Pollution” ( in Chinese) , 2006. The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, “A Guide to Strategic Environmental Assessment,” 2006. Toller, S., Kärrman, E., Gustafsson, J.P., Magnusson, Y., “Environmental assessment of incinerator residue utilization,” Waste Management, Vol.29, pp. 2071-2077, 2009. Train, R., “Interim Procedures and Guidelines for Health Risk and Economic Impact Assessments of Suspected Carcinogens,” USEPA Office the Administrator, 1976. Udo de Haes, H.A., Sleeswijk, A.W., Heijungs, R.,” Similarities, differences and synergism between HERA and LCA—An analysis at three levels,” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Vol. 12, pp.431-449, 2006. UNECE, “Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, UNECE, UNECE, Geneva, 2003. U.S.EPA, “Risk Assessment and Management: Framework for Decision Making,”1984. U.S.EPA, “Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,” EPA/540/1-86/060 (OSWER Directive 9285.4-1), 1986. U.S.EPA,” Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities,” Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 2005. U.S. EPA, “User's Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model-AERMOD,” Report No. EPA -454/B-03-001, Washington, DC, 2004. U.S. EPA, “ AERMOD: Description of Model Formulation.” Report No. EPA -454/R-03-004, Washington, DC, 2004c. U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development,“ Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and Practice,” Scientific Applications International Corporation,2006. van der Sloot, H.A., Kosson, D.S., Hjelmar, O.,” Characteristic, treatment and utilization of residues from municipal waste incineration,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp.753-765, 2001. WHO Regional Office for Europe, “Declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health, “ Budapest, Hungary, 23–25 June 2004. Copenhagen, 2004. World Health Organization,” Health and strategic environmental assessment,” WHO consultation meeting, Rome, Italy, 2009. Wright, H.E. Zhang, Q. and Mihelcic, J. R.,”Integrating economic input-output life cycle assessment with risk assessment for a screening level analysis,” Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment, Vol.13, pp.412-420, 2008. Wu, S., Chang, Y., Fang, C., Pan, W.,” Food sources of weight calories and three macro-nutrients: NAHSIT 1993-1996,” Nutri. Sci. J. Vol. 24, pp.59-80, 1999. Yeh, G. T., “ AT123D: Analytical Transient One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Simulation of Waste Transport in the Aquifer System,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Publication No. 1439, March , 1981. Zhou, Y. and Bao, C., “Hierarchical methodological framework to improve policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer research,” Front. Environment Science Enginee China, Vol.4, pp.82-90, 2010. Zhang, Q., Crittenden, J.C., Shonnard, D. and Mihelcic, J.R.,” Development and evaluation of an environmental multimedia fate model GHEMGL for the Great Lakes region,” Chemosphere, Vol.50, pp. 1377-1397, 2003. Zhou,Y., Levy, J. I., Hammitt, J. K. and Evans, J.S.,” Estimating population exposure to power plant emussions using CALPUFF: a case study in Beijing, China,” Atmospheric Environmant, Vol. 37, pp. 815-826, 2003. 中龍鋼鐵股份有限公司,中龍鋼鐵股份有限公司第二期第二階擴建計畫環境影響說明書定稿本,中國醫藥大學健康風險管理系,2008。 台北縣政府環境保護局,97年度研發計劃之底渣再利用政策評估與管理規範之建立,國賓大地環保事業股份有限公司,2009。 台北縣政府環境保護局,98年度研發計畫之底渣再利用策略規劃之決策分析,國賓大地環保事業股份有限公司,2010。 台灣塑膠工業股份有限公司等,六輕五期計畫環境影響說明說初稿,京華工程顧問股份有限公司,2009。 台灣電力股份有限公司,彰工火力第一、第二號機發電計劃環境影響評估報告書初稿,中興工程顧問股份有限公司,2007。 行政院是環境保護署,98年度垃圾焚化灰渣再利用查核評鑑及管理專案工作計劃,中興工程顧問股份有限公司,2010。 行政院衛生署,台灣一般民眾暴露參數彙編,國立台灣大學公共衛生學院健康風險及政策評估中心,2008。 行政院環保署,垃圾焚化廠焚化灰渣中重金屬及戴奧辛成份分析計畫(第二年),財團法人工業技術研究院與中興工程顧問股份有限公司,2004。 行政院環境保護署, 97年度垃圾焚化廠焚化灰渣管理及查核專案工作計畫,中興工程顧問公司,2008。 行政院環境保護署,Taiwan Emission Data System, 2005。 行政院環境保護署,土壤及地下水汙染場址健康風險評估評析方法及撰寫指引,2006。 行政院環境保護署,固定汙染源毒性空氣污染物(戴奧辛及重金屬)排放清冊調查及管制計劃,中興工程顧問股份有限公司,2008。 行政院環境保護署,固定汙染源毒性空氣污染物(戴奧辛及重金屬)管制規範研擬、控制技術評估及排放清冊調查計劃,中興工程顧問股份有限公司,2007。 行政院環境保護署,固定汙染源重金屬排放量調查與控制技術評估及減量管制策略研擬,工業技術研究院能源與環境研究所,2006。 周常華,焚化底渣/氟化鈣污泥共同熔融結晶化熔渣之特性及其資材化研究,台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文,2007。 周劍平,95年度一般廢棄物焚化廠焚化灰渣成分檢測及再利用產品流向查核計畫,2007。 林詩瑋,焚化底渣/氟化鈣污泥熔渣混凝土之耐久性研究,台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文,2005。 國賓大地環保事業股份有限公司,底渣再利用健康與環境風險評估-第一年,台大嚴慶齡工業研究中心,2007。 國賓大地環保股份有限公司,再利用地點環境監測及分析計畫,景文技術學院環境與物業管理系,2007。 黃錦明,建立一般廢棄物焚化底渣再利用決策方法論之研究,台灣大學環境工程研究所博士論文,2006。 經濟部能源局,電力長期負載預測即店能開發規劃,2009。 劉彥均,以逐步萃取程序及溶出試驗評估都市垃圾焚化底渣長期穩定特性之研究,台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文,2004。 謝宏益,擴散模式ISC與AERMOD之比較,國立中興大學環境工程研究所碩士論文,2007。 謝瑋師,冷卻方式對焚化底渣/氟化鈣污泥共同熔融資材化之影響研究,台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文,2006。 曠永銓、許珮蒨,AERMOD煙流模式在台灣地區之應用研究,中興工程期刊,第八十八期,第55-62頁,2005。 行政院主計處: http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13213&CtNode=3504&mp=1 美國環保署: http://www.epa.gov/risk/ Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS): http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/ The International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD): http://lct.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index_jrc | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46508 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 為了因應健康風險評估應用趨勢與強化現有常用之風險基礎生命週期評估(Risk-based LCA)內人體健康衝擊方法,研究中提出生命週期風險評估以確切評估連續且多樣汙染源的排放及其對應受體間的關係。生命週期風險評估以健康風險分析為分析方法的基礎,利用生命週期思考連結評估標的內所有汙染源-受體關係,最後合計評估標的之族群風險作為總人體健康衝擊。此方法保留了生命週期思考的優點:以功能單位標的物的流向流量,串連範疇邊界內所有程序(含直接與間接),以避免危害衝擊的轉移;與風險分析方法的優點: 連結汙染源與各利害關係人間,污染物濃度非均質地隨著時間空間坡降,在不等的暴露量下探討敏感受體。此方法藉由調整評估標的內空間與時間的限制,量化評估標的施行時細部的執行變異,更仔細量化方案間各利害關係人之危害程度,增加執行可行性,用以整合評估各方案對其影響受體之危害,提供較低人體健康衝擊的方案,以便提供更詳細的資訊。
生命週期風險評估將五個階段,含目標定義、範疇界定、盤查分析、生命週期風險分析與闡釋,分成18個步驟,其中除了整合探討目標定義、範疇界定與闡釋外,盤查分析與生命週期風險分析皆需依直接汙染源與間接汙染源分別量化各汙染源-受體健康風險。透過生命週期風險評估可量化評估標的各方案之直接/間接個別風險、族群風險與平均個別風險,用以比較各方案總健康風險、方案內各汙染源-受體衝擊、評估範疇內風險轉移等,提供管理者作為評估標的執行之決策基礎。 研究中以底渣再利用為案例分析,冀能利用研究中建立之生命週期風險再次審視底渣再利用管理之人體健康危害並減低現行執行時各單位對底渣再利用於健康風險的疑慮。以族群風險連結所有程序之危害,總族群風險排序為情境C、情境B、情境A與情境D;而平均個別風險排序則與總族群風險不同,其排序為情境B、情境A、情境C與情境D。以程序探討,底渣工作人員的危害最大,其個別風險介於1.0E-07~1.0E-02之間,呼吸為主要暴露途徑;其次為情境C中的道路使用期鄰近居民,鉻與砷之滲出汙染了飲用水與食物鏈灌溉水,已影響到道路鄰近居民,其個別風險略大於1.0E-08,可見長期使用底渣再利用於道路鋪設,其危害之顯而易見的。然而,道路使用期20年危害的鄰近居民個別風險(1.09E-08)相較掩埋場鄰近居民(1.51E-10)大2個量級,但考慮道路鋪設時間即可將鄰近居民個別風險降至1.0E-13,由此可見就個別風險而言,道路鋪設期可考慮於相關規範以降低一般居民危害。另一方面,由14個汙染源-受體連結比較研究中所提之四項情境,可以發現各情境之汙染源間風險轉移,若採取底渣再利用應用於道路鋪設(不限制鋪設時間),則汙染源風險將由掩埋場轉至底渣再利用處理廠;另一方面,道路鋪設時間若增長,則風險不單只是個人增加,暴露人口數亦隨之增加而造成受體間風險轉移。 研究中以底渣再利用為案例,透過生命週期風險評估整合評估範疇內所有受體之族群風險,即便受體不同且暴露特性差異甚遠,卻實整併了空氣、水體與土壤,多樣介質擴散尺度之健康衝擊。且除了跨介質合計各方案所有受體健康危害,仍可維持健康風險評估原有特色,提供暴露及汙染源-受體關係等資訊,供管理者作為評估標的執行之決策基礎。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The temporal and spatial considerations have yet to be integrated into risk-based LCA, whereas life-cycle thinking has yet to be captured in RA. In order to maintain the link between source and receptor through RA, and consider a life cycle, the method in this study focuses on integrating life cycle thinking into RA to develop the life cycle risk assessment methodology (LCRA) in this study. Because LCRA assessed risks from a life cycle perspective of the concerned linkage sources, it was helpful to identify important sources, contaminants, receptors and exposure pathways along the life cycle of activities.
Analyses of different scenarios are assessed as the alternative of bottom ash reuse in road paving or landfill, and the harm of bottom ash reuse is assessed by LCRA to avoid the risk shift. When the population risks over the entire life cycle considered in this study are used as a decision criterion, the ranking was D, A, B and C; on the other hand, the ranking of average individual risk became D, C, A and B. The source-receptors in these four scenarios were also discussed: with higher exposure, the individual risks of laborers (1.0E-07~1.0E-02) were higher than residents through exposure to Cr and Cd via inhalation and dermal contact. as for the residents, the highest individual risk occurred in road paving (1.09E-08) due to leakage of Cr to groundwater, and the ingestion of drinking water and food chain contaminated by groundwater use were the main exposure pathways. The results also showed risk shift between different stages; among four scenarios, the individual risk of residents living near the road was 100 times greater than the residents near the landfill which keeps bottom ash for 20 years. However, the individual risk of residents living near landfill is 1000 times greater than the residents near the road when a high frequency of road maintenance (2 years) was used. This indicated that different reuse scenarios would result in risk shift between life stages and receptors, and using duration of pavement would be a factor for risk management. By calculating and population risks associated various receptors resulting from a source at each life stage and aggregating population risks along the life cycle, we obtain total risks. The total population risks as well as information of individual risk at each stage and average individual risk for various alternatives can be used to rank the alternatives and identify important factors for environmental management. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T05:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-F93541210-1.pdf: 2016436 bytes, checksum: d8e8ef0d1861e2bc1fb13b3f112987be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 і
誌謝 іі 中文摘要 ііі 英文摘要 іііі 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究架構 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 健康風險評估方法介紹 5 2.1.1 人體健康風險評估方法發展 5 2.1.2 人體健康風險評估方法內容 7 2.1.3 人體健康風險評估方法應用 13 2.1.4 政策環境評估內健康衝擊評估 15 2.2 生命週期評估方法介紹 23 2.2.1 生命週期評估方法發展及其應用 23 2.2.2 生命週期評估方法內容 24 2.2.3 生命週期評估方法內人體健康衝擊 28 第三章 研究方法 31 3.1 研究流程 31 3.2 應用方法介紹 35 3.3 生命週期風險評估方法 40 3.3.1 目標定義 40 3.3.2 範疇界定 44 3.3.3 盤查分析 47 3.3.4 生命週期風險分析 49 3.3.5 闡釋 51 第四章 案例研究 53 4.1 案例背景 53 4.2 研究目標確定 62 4.3 研究範疇界定 70 4.4 底渣再利用盤查分析 73 4.4.1 直接汙染源 73 4.4.2 間接汙染源 81 4.5 生命週期風險分析 87 4.5.1 直接汙染源 90 4.5.2 間接汙染源 95 4.5.3 族群風險結果 104 4.6 闡釋 106 第五章 結論與建議 110 5.1 結論 110 5.2 建議 112 參考文獻 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 生命週期風險分析方法之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Research on Life Cycle Risk Assessment | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 王根樹,胡憲倫,陳彥全,李公哲,吳先琪 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 健康風險評估,生命週期思考,底渣再利用,道路鋪設,族群風險, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Health Risk Assessment,Life Cycle Thinking,Bottom Ash,Road Structure,Population Risk, | en |
dc.relation.page | 127 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-08-18 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-100-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 1.97 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。