請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46374
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李學智(Hsueh-Jyh Li) | |
dc.contributor.author | Ming Lee | en |
dc.contributor.author | 李明 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T05:05:56Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2010-07-28 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2010-07-28 | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2010-07-26 | |
dc.identifier.citation | [1] G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, “On limits of wireless communicationsin a fading environment when using multiple antennas,” Wireless Pers.Commun., vol. 6, pp. 311–335, 1998.
[2] J. H. Winters, “On the capacity of radio communication systems with diversity in a rayleigh fading environment,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 5, pp. 871–877, June 1987. [3] D. Shiu, G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans, and J. M. Kahn, “Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, pp. 502–513, Mar. 2000. [4] T. Svantesson, and A. Ranheim, “Mutual coupling effects on the capacity of multielement antenna systems”. Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 2001, pp. 2485–2488. [5] P. N. Fletcher, M. Dean, and A. R. Nix, “Mutual coupling in multi-element array antennas and its influence on MIMO channel capacity,” Electron. Lett., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 342-344, 20th Feb. 2003. [6] H. Ozcelik, N. Czink, and E. Bonek, “What makes a good MIMO channel model,” in Proc. IEEE VTC—Spring, Stockholm, Sweden, May/Jun. 2005, pp. 156–160. [7] J.P. Kermoal, L. Schumacher, K.I. Pedersen, P.E. Mogensen, and F. Frederiksen, “A stochastic MIMO radio channel model with experimental validation,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1211–1226, Aug. 2002. [8] W. Weichselberger, M. Herdin, H. O‥ zcelik, and E. Bonek, “A stochastic MIMO channel model with joint correlation of both link ends,” to appear in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2005. [9] A.M. Sayeed, “Deconstructing multiantenna fading channels,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2563 – 2579, October 2002. [10] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. New York: Wiley, 1997. [11] A. Derneryd and G. Kristensson, “Signal correlation including antenna coupling,” Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 157–159, Feb. 2004. [12] R. Janaswamy, “Effect of element mutual coupling on the capacity of fixed length linear arrays,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagat. Lett. , vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 157-160, 2002. [13] S. C. Lo, D. B. Lin, and H. J. Li, “Polarization diversity MIMO channel measurement results and modeling for indoor environments,” IEEE Asia Pacific Wireless Communication Symposium, 2007. [14] C. Shannon, “A mathematical theory of communication,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, vol. 27, pp.379-423, 623-656, July and October 1948. [15] I. E. Telatar, “Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels,” Bell Labs. J., vol. 10, pp. 585–595, 1995. [16] K. Yu, M. Bengtsson, B. Ottersten, D. McNamara, and P. Karlsson, “Modeling of wide-band MIMO radio channels based on NLoS indoor measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 655–665, May 2004. [17] A.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. [18] S. R. Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems. John Willy & Sons, 1999. [19] V.Jungnictal, V.Pohl, and C. von Helmott, “Capacity of MIMO systems with closely spaced antennas”, IEEE Commun. Lett., 2003, 7, (8), pp. 361–363. [20] W. C. Y. Lee and Y. S. Yeh, “Polarization diversity system for mobile radio,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-20, pp. 912–923, Oct. 1972. [21] R. G. Vaughan, “Polarization diversity in mobile communications,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 39, pp. 177–186, Aug. 1990. [22] C. B. Dietrich, Jr., K. Dietze, J. R. Nealy, and W. L. Stutzman, “Spatial, polarization, and pattern diversity for wireless handheld terminals,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1271–1281, 2001. [23] J. S. K. Raj, A. S. Prabu, N. Vikram and J. Schoebel, “Spatial correlation and MIMO capacity of uniform rectangular dipole arrays,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 97-100, 2008. [24] S. K. Yong and J. S. Thompson, “The impact of angle of arrival distribution on the performance analysis of different arrays architectures,” in Proc. 12th IEE Int. Conf. Antennas Propag., UK, Mar. 2003, vol. 2, pp. 840–843. [25] J. Wang, C. Huang, J. Zhou, and H. Kikuchi, “The impact of AOA energy distribution on the spatial fading correlation and ser performance of antenna array communication systems,” in Proc. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, 25-28 June 2006, pp. 803-806. [26] T. Taga, “A theoretical study of measurement of cross-polarization power ratio (XPR) in mobile communication environments”, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1, Vol. 74, No. 5, 1991, translated from Denshi Joho Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi, Vol. 73-BII, No. 10, October 1990, pp. 536-545. [27] http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SpherePointPicking.html [28] R. S. Elliott, Antenna Theory and Design, revised edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. [29] I. J. Gupta and A.K. Ksienski. “Effect of mutual coupling on the Performance of Adaptive Arrays”. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, 31(5):785-791, September 1983. [30] J. D. Kraus, Antennas. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. [31] J. W. Wallace and M. A. Jensen, “Mutual coupling in MIMO wireless systems: a rigorous network theory analysis,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 3, pp. 1317-1325, Jul. 2004. [32] Lau, B. K., S. M. S. Ow, G. Kristensson, and A. F. Molisch, “Capacity analysis for compact MIMO systems,” IEEE 61st Vech. Tech. Conference, 165–170, 2005. [33] J.W. Wallace and M.A. Jensen, “The capacity of MIMO wireless systems with mutual coupling,” VTC Conf, Vancouver, Canada, 2002, pp. 696–700. [34] J. W. Wallace and M. A. Jensen, “Termination-dependent diversity performance of coupled antennas: Network theory analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 98-105, Jan. 2004. [35] M. K. Ozdemir, H. Arslan, and E. Arvas, “Mutual coupling effect in multi-antenna wireless communication systems,” Proc. of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM03, Vol. 2, 829–833, 2003. [36] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, New York: Wiley, 1998. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46374 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 在本論文中,我們提出一套通用的程序來評估多輸入多輸出系統的通道容量,此程序藉由傳送和接收天線的複數向量場型、去向波分佈和來向波分佈及其極化,便可產生通道矩陣而進一步求得通道容量,此外,天線元素間的相關係數也可經由此程序求得。
利用半波長雙極天線作為多天線之元素,可研究不同因素對於天線間相關係數大小和通道容量之影響,比如來向波分佈、雙極天線的間距、雙極天線之擺放方向,本論文亦著重於探討互耦效應造成的影響。根據模擬結果分析,我們發現來向波分佈是影響相關係數的主要因素,即使天線的間距超過一個波長的距離或雙極天線正交擺放,角擴展越小或是直式波能量很強仍會造成天線間較高的相關度。此外,互耦效應會降低天線間的相關係數而提升通道容量,亦會造成輸入阻抗的不匹配降低信號能量導致通道容量的衰減,此兩因素在天線擺放非常近的時候,通道容量衰減的程度會比所提升的來的大。 我們亦實際進行室內環境下的通道量測,探討天線的間距對於通道容量的影響,經由數據分析得到相似的結果,即是天線元素的間距較小時,會得到較低的通道容量,藉此也驗證所提出的通用程序。此外也對極化分集做了探討,發現在有直接波的室內環境下,若傳送端和接收端的天線組態同時採用正交極化,對於多輸入多輸出系統會有較好的分集增益和通道容量。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In this thesis, a generalized procedure is proposed to evaluate the channel capacity of a MIMO communication system. According to the MIMO antenna pattern and the information about the radio waves, we can generate the channel matrix to obtain the channel capacity. In addition, the correlation coefficient between antenna elements can also be computed through this procedure.
Applying half-wavelength dipoles as the MIMO antenna elements, effect of AOA distributions, antenna spacings, and antenna configurations on the correlation and the channel capacity can be examined. We find that the AOA distribution is the dominant factor impacting the correlation. Though the antenna spacing is large or the orthogonal antenna configuration is used, correlation is still high with small angular spread or a strong LOS component. Besides, this thesis also focuses on mutual coupling effect. Results show that mutual coupling will lower the correlation thus increasing the capacity, however, it yields impedance mismatch which degrades the SNR. With very small antenna spacing, the amount of decreased capacity is more than the increased. Furthermore, MIMO channel measurements were conducted in indoor environment, by which we can investigate the effect of antenna spacing on the capacity as well. From the results of data analysis, similar results are obtained thus validating the proposed procedure. Besides, polarization diversity was also studied through the channel measurement. We found that orthogonal polarization at both communication ends will benefit the capacity and diversity gain. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T05:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-99-R97942020-1.pdf: 3102424 bytes, checksum: a8fa2ebf38f59715c15c719a20627340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract
I Contents III List of Figures VII List of Tables IX Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation........................................................................................................1 1.2 Thesis Overview…............................................................................................2 Chapter 2 MIMO System and Antenna Diversity Techniques 5 2.1 Introduction………...........................................................................................5 2.2 MIMO System Model……………………........................................................6 2.2.1 MIMO Channel Representation…………………………….................6 2.2.2 Kronecker Channel Model……………………...................................7 2.3 Properties of MIMO Radio Channel.................................................................8 2.3.1 Mutual Coupling Effect.........................................................................9 2.3.2 Signal Correlation between MIMO Elements……………..............10 2.3.3 MIMO Channel Capacity....................................................................12 2.4 Antenna Diversity Techniques….....................................................................14 2.4.1 Spatial Diversity..................................................................................15 2.4.2 Polarization Diversity……………………………………...............17 2.4.3 Pattern Diversity..................................................................................18 Chapter 3 A Generalized Procedure to Evaluate MIMO performance 19 3.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................19 3.2 Computing Correlation Coefficient between MIMO Elements.......................20 3.3 MIMO Element Pattern...................................................................................22 3.3.1 Complex Vector Pattern.......................................................................22 3.3.2 Generalized Procedure to Obtain MIMO Element Patterns……........23 3.4 Angular Distribution and Polarization of Radio Waves..................................24 3.4.1 Angular Distribution of Radio Waves.................................................24 3.4.2 Polarization of Radio Waves…………………………….…...............26 3.5 Generating the MIMO Channel Matrix...........................................................27 3.6 Simulation Results...........................................................................................29 3.6.1 Patterns of Half-Wavelength Dipoles..................................................30 3.6.2 Computing Correlation Coefficient…………….……….…...............31 3.6.2.1 Correlation Coefficient vs. AOA Distribution………….........31 3.6.2.2 Correlation Coefficient vs. Rician K-Factor…………….........33 3.6.3 Spatial Diversity and Mutual Coupling Analysis................................36 3.6.3.1 Computing Mutual Coupling Coefficient……………….........36 3.6.3.2 Computing Correlation Coefficients…………………….........39 3.6.3.3 MIMO Channel Capacity……………………………….........41 Chapter 4 MIMO Channel Measurement 47 4.1 Introduction…….............................................................................................47 4.2 Measurement Description…............................................................................48 4.2.1 Environment Description…………………………..........................48 4.2.2 Measurement Setup.............................................................................48 4.3 Spatial Diversity Analysis and Mutual Coupling Effect………......................51 4.3.1 Antenna Configuration……………………….……..........................51 4.3.2 Return Loss Measurement...................................................................52 4.3.3 Channel Measurement.........................................................................54 4.3.4 Correlation Coefficient........................................................................56 4.3.5 MIMO Capacity...................................................................................57 4.4 Polarization Diversity Analysis……………...................................................61 4.4.1 Antenna Configuration........................................................................61 4.4.2 Channel Measurement.........................................................................62 4.4.3 Diversity Gain Analysis.......................................................................63 4.4.4 MIMO Channel Capacity…………………………............................65 Chapter 5 Conclusions 69 References 71 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 評估多輸入多輸出系統通道容量之通用程序 | zh_TW |
dc.title | A Generalized Procedure for Evaluating MIMO Channel Capacity | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 98-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林丁丙(Ding-Bing Lin),林怡成(Yi-Cheng Lin),唐震寰,莊俊雄 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 多輸入多輸出,通道容量,複數向量場型,相關係數,互耦效應,分集增益, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Multiple-Input/multiple-Output (MIMO),Channel Capacity,Complex Vector Pattern,Correlation Coefficient,Mutual Coupling Effect,Diversity Gain, | en |
dc.relation.page | 73 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2010-07-27 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 電機資訊學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 電信工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 電信工程學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-99-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 3.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。