研發聚丙烯熔噴不織布/乙烯乙烯醇聚合物塗佈聚酯纖維之白血球過濾器

Abstract

許多相關的輸血反應及輸血後的感染疾病已被研究顯示由血液及血品中的白血球所引起。為了降低輸血治療造成的不良反應及疾病感染，去除治療血品中白血球含量是主要的目標；故本研究的目的在於應用與市售商品不同的材料，來開發出可達高效能的紅血球專用之減除白血球過濾器。首先，主要用聚酯纖維（Polyester fiber，PET）搭配不同基重的聚丙烯熔噴不織布（melt-blown nonwoven Polypropylene，PP-NW），利用物理結構性質孔洞大小的不同，來進行血液過濾的實驗；並且再利用高分子乙烯乙烯醇（Poly ethylene-vinyl alcohol，EVAL）聚合物塗佈（coated）於聚酯纖維（Polyester fiber，PET）上，利用化學性質的吸附特性，以增加白血球的去除率。此外，更對市售的紅血球專用之白血球過濾器也同樣做功能性的測試；而在血液方面，將過濾後的血液以自動血球計數分析儀（Automated haematology cell counting device）進行血球的計數，並以 Nageotte血球計數器（Nageotte counting chamber）來做計數的校正，換算出本研究材料及市售商品過濾的效能（Efficiency）以進行比較；在材料方面將以掃描式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM）來觀察過濾前後不同基重的聚丙烯熔噴不織布，及用高分子乙烯乙烯醇聚合物塗佈的聚酯纖維，共四種材料的微細構造，以及材料上血球的形態學變化。目前研究結果發現，市售過濾器經測試的效能並沒有如標榜的好，推測原因為血液較為黏稠而導致；而本研究所使用的材料其白血球去除率已可達到98.94%，紅血球回收率可達到94.87%以上；幾乎可與市售之商品的效能相提並論，甚至更勝一籌。

Many papers have proven that transfusion reactions and infections after transfusions are caused by leukocytes in blood and blood components. In order to decrease above side effects , leucoreduction of blood products is the most important aspect. In this study, the researcher used different materials from commercial filters to develop a new, highly efficient leukocyte removal filter for red blood cell concentrates. Firstly, the principal used melt-blown nonwoven Polypropylene (PP-NW) and was coated with poly（ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol）(EVAL) on a Polyester fiber (PET) to take advantage of chemical adhesion properties and the physical porosity structure for studying the blood filtration research. Secondly, the functions of commercial filters were tested, then post-filtration blood counted by Automated haematology cell counting device and Nageotte counting chamber, to compare the efficiency with the study filter. Finally, the surface structure and blood cell morphology on the materials of PP-NW and PET coated EVAL were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). At present, the results have shown that three kinds of commercial filters were not good enough, due to the blood samples having higher viscosity. The study filter could remove 98.94% of the leukocytes and recover over 94.87% of the erythrocytes, thus the efficiency was greater than that of current commercial filters, and had potential for such.