東亞整合中的中日關係—兼論中日FTA戰略之比較分析—

Abstract

東亞區域整合的主要推動力量來源，主要可分成三種因素：政治因素、經濟因素以及認同因素。通常此三因素皆同時存在，促進本區域的整合。不過，在每個時期，扮演最主要角色的因素則有所變化。本文根據推動整合的最主要動力，而將東亞整合過程區分為三個階段：1980年中期至1990年末是經濟因素，1990年末至2000年初期是認同因素，2000年以後則是政治因素。目前，東亞區域正值第三個階段，其區域整合的政治特色增加的同時，區域大國的影響力變得愈來愈大。 東亞區域大國，中國與日本的東亞戰略也受到政治、經濟以及認同之三個因素來形成，但是其政治因素扮演的角色相當重要。目前東亞整合以FTAs為主要途徑進展，中國和日本皆積極推動簽訂FTAs，各方也提出自己的東亞多邊FTA構想。值得注意的是，中日兩國在簽署過程中強調自己能提供的「公共財」。現在東亞整合的主導位子還是ASEAN所在，所以中國與日本強調以兩國可以提供的「公共財」吸引ASEAN國家，試圖掌握其區域整合的主導權。中國為「機會」提供「市場」，日本強調為「穩定」的「經驗與技術」。目前，還未達成合議中日共同的東亞多邊自由貿易區構想，兩方提出的東亞多邊自由貿易協議構想正在競逐關係。

There are three forces driving East Asia Integration: Politics, Economy and Identities. Generally speaking, these three forces are simultaneously simultaneously regional integration. But which force is the most influential varies for different periods. Three different periods can be distinguished in the process of East Asia Integration: from mid 1980s on to end of the 1990s when the economy was the major driving force; from the end of the 1990s to the early 2000s when East Asian identity was major driving force; from the early 2000s until now when political were the driving force. Now, East Asia Integration enters the third period, and the importance of politic for regional integration and influence of regional power are increasing. The strategies of China and Japan, both regional powers in East Asia, also emphasize these three components, politic, economic and identity, but the political component plays a significant role. Nowadays, East Asia Integration evolves through FTAs. -China and Japan try to conclude FTAs. Of particular note is that both of China and Japan emphasize “Public Good” which they can supply when they are concluding FTAs. In this region, ASEAN historically lead regional integration and until recently figured prominently in these processes. Both China and Japan try taking the lead of East Asia Integration by supplying “Public Good” and attract ASEAN countries. China offers “huge market” as “chances”, on the other hand, Japan emphasizes their “experiences and skills” as “stability” factor. At present, no consensus about a common East Asia Free Trade Area has been reached, so China and Japan compete against each other toward the Formation of an East Asia FTA.