在筆鋒之外─記者採訪災難後的心理衝擊

Abstract

此深度報導關注新聞記者在報導災難後的心理調適問題。就醫學角度而言，新聞記者有可能患有「創傷後壓力症候群」、「憂鬱症」、「濫用藥物」等其他心理問題。先前有許多文獻曾經探討新聞記者在報導戰地消息、或是目睹其他人類悲劇，如「911事件」時，產生以上疾病的情形。 當災難發生時，新聞記者同時扮演許多角色，觀察者、歷史的見證者、或目睹其他受難者的一位普通人，甚至有時記者本身也是受難者。記者應有所警惕和認知，如此不僅新聞記者們可以在災難中保護自己，同時也可保護其受訪者。 相同事件會對不同人造成不同的心理反應，此研究將探討相關因素如何導致情緒上之衝擊。透過許多資深記者分享之前親臨災難現場的過程，此篇深度報導將呈現當前記者如何調適複雜情緒、發展因應策略、和心理防衛機制。此外，本文也會討論相關風險因素、重複暴露於災難現場的心理衝擊、和台灣有哪些資源可供運用。

This report looks at the psychological adjustment of journalists after covering disasters. From a clinical perspective, journalists could be at risk of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, substance abuse, and other psychological conditions. These conditions have been documented in studies of journalists covering stories in war zones, and also in other circumstances where they witness human tragedies such as the September 11 attacks. When disaster happens, journalists play many roles at the same time: an observer, a witness to history, a human being looking at other distressed human beings, and sometimes a victim themselves. It is important to raise awareness so that journalists know how they can protect themselves and their interviewees in a disaster. While the same event may cause different psychological responses for different individuals, factors triggering emotional impacts are explored. Through the stories of journalists with various years of experience and the events they witnessed, this in-depth report shows the current situation of how journalists deal with troubled emotions, and develop coping strategies and defense mechanisms. The risk factors, the impact of repeated exposure in disaster reporting, and the available resources in Taiwan are discussed.