兩岸簽署食品安全協議之研究

Abstract

2008年9月爆發中國大陸製造、輸入我國的三鹿奶粉被檢測出含有化學物質會導致嬰兒死亡，而台灣長期進口中國乳製品作為食品加工原料，發現進口的植物性奶精含有三聚氰胺，由於使用的商家與產品眾多，產品大量下架，造成了消費者的恐慌以及食品業者的重大損失，因為兩岸缺乏及時有效的通報系統、配套措施以及相關法律規範，更加突顯出兩岸食品安全合作的重要性。為了保障兩岸食品衛生安全及民眾的健康，兩岸兩會於2008年11月4日就兩岸食品安全問題簽署「海峽兩岸食品安全協議」，希冀雙方能共同為食品安全把關。 食品安全的議題不僅在兩岸受到重視，甚至擴及全世界。食品的全球性流通，導致一個國家或地區生產的食品一旦被污染，可同時威脅其他國家乃至整個世界消費者的健康。食品安全並非單純的衛生問題，即使改善食物來源的產出環境，或是加強進出口食品的檢驗工作，也未必能完全避免食用不安全食物的風險。在經濟與健康之外，食品安全的問題還會造成消費者對食品生產和銷售體制的信心喪失，從而對食品生產或銷售鏈中的業者造成衝擊，也就是說，食品安全是一個會牽動社會安定與否的問題。歸屬三聚氰胺事件，不僅對兩岸人民和社會均造成相當程度的困擾，更增加我方維持社會安全與秩序的內政成本。 因此，本研究從非傳統安全的概念出發，將涵蓋在其框架下的人類安全概念延伸至衛生安全，而乾淨的環境才能生產出安全的食品，所以衛生與食品兩者密不可分；其次，將現今已有的國際規範，抽取出研究變項和框架，和兩岸食品安全合作相比較；最後，從兩岸食品安全合作的背景，來看兩岸食品安全合作的推動、兩岸食品安全合作的評估與影響，並對兩岸食品安全合作提供建議。

In September 2008, the baby milk powder products of Sanlu Group, made in China and imported to Taiwan, were found contaminated with melamine, a chemical raw material which would cause the infant death; Taiwan has been imported China-made dairy products as the food processing raw material for a long time, so when numerous users found their imported non-dairy creamer and many other products might contain melamine, the immediate and huge recall made consumers panic and food producers lost a lot of money. The lack of efficient reporting system between Taiwan and China, complementary measures, and the related laws and regulations made the food safety cooperation across the Taiwan Straits even more important. For the protection of the food hygiene and safety and people’s health, with the purpose that both sides can together ensure the food safety, Taiwan’s Straits Exchange Foundation and China’s Association for Relations across the Taiwan Straits signed the “Food Safety Agreement across the Taiwan Straits” based on the food safety issues between Taiwan and China on November 4th, 2008. The food safety issue has received high attention not only in Taiwan and China but the whole world. The global circulation of foods makes the single contaminated product produced in a country or area threaten other countries and the health of the world-wide consumers. Food safety is not just about hygiene problem because even if the environment of the food resource or the inspection of the food import and export are improved, the risk of using non-safe food would not be zero. Besides economy and health issues, food safety problem would cause consumers to lose their trust in food production and selling system, and that would affect people who are in the related industries. In short, food safety is an issue affecting a society’s stability. The melamine case did not only cause a certain level of problem for the people and society across the Taiwan Straits but also increase the government’s internal cost of maintaining social safety and order. Therefore, this research was started from the non-traditional safety concept, and extended the included human safety concept to hygiene safety. Only clean environment can produce safe food products, so hygiene and food go together. Secondly, the researcher used the current international regulations and took out the research variable and frame to compare with the food safety cooperation across the Taiwan Straits. Lastly, from the background of the food safety cooperation across the Taiwan Straits, the researcher checked on the advancement, evaluation and influence of the food safety cooperation across the Taiwan Straits, and gave opinions and suggestions on the food safety cooperation across the Taiwan Straits.