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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 韋文誠 | |
dc.contributor.author | Chu-Yu Tsai | en |
dc.contributor.author | 蔡居諭 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T03:59:42Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-03-01 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2010-04-02 | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2010-03-31 | |
dc.identifier.citation | References
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/44963 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究主要在於利用膠粒製程以及直接發泡法,以雲母及G1A5玻璃(47BaO-21B2O3-27SiO2-5Al2O3, in mol%)粉體為主原料,來製備低熱傳以及可在1000 oC熱處理卻不會發生尺寸收縮之多孔陶瓷。本論文提出了製備此多孔陶瓷的最佳配方和製程參數。其中,發泡劑的種類、雲母/玻璃含量比、固含量、微波乾燥步驟、玻璃在雲母表面的潤濕行為、以及泡沫體的固化成型等均納入本實驗的考量,以得到具有最佳穩定性的陶瓷泡沫體。本實驗亦針對所製備出之多孔陶瓷燒結體執行孔隙率、孔徑尺寸、壓縮強度、氣體通透率以及熱傳導率等分析。其中一種多孔材在經過950oC持溫1小時的熱處理,於25oC、600oC以及800oC時之熱傳導率分別可達0.08 W/m K、0.14 W/m K與0.18 W/m K;同時該樣品具有的孔隙率、氣體通透率、壓縮強度與密度分別為91.2%、0.1 10-7 cm2、440 kPa與0.26 g/cm3。除此之外,實驗結果顯示當樣品的溫度介於室溫至800oC之間時,熱傳遞主要來自光子傳導和空氣傳導兩個機制。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Direct forming of dispersive mica particulates and G1A5 (47BaO-21B2O3-27SiO2-5Al2O3, in mol%) glass powder was used to prepare ceramic foams with extremely low thermal conductivity and nearly no shrinkage by 1000oC treatment. Optimized formulation and processing parameters are proposed for the preparation of the ceramic foams. The effects of foaming agents, mica/glass ratio, solid content, microwave drying steps, wetting behavior of the glass on mica, and consolidation of the foam were investigated in consideration of foam stability. Besides, the properties of sintered foams, including porosity, pore size, compressive strength, permeability, and thermal conductivity were also analyzed. One ceramic foam which undergoes thermal treatment at the temperature as low as 950oC for 1 h is the best having a lowest thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/m K, 0.14 W/m K and 0.18 W/m K at the temperature of 25oC, 600oC and 800oC, respectively, as well as having a density of 0.26 g/cm3, porosity of 91.2%, gas permeability of 0.1 10-7 cm2, and compressive strength of 440 kPa. The results show that the photon conduction and air conduction are two dominated mechanisms of the foams from room temperature to 800oC. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | Content
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………I Abstract...…………………………………………………………………………….II List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………VI List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………..X Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………...……1 Chapter 2 Literature Review……………….…………………………………………6 2-1 Ceramic Thermal Insulators……………………………………………………6 2-1-1 Powder-made Type………………..…………………………………………6 2-1-2 Fiber-made Type………………………...………………………………..…9 2-2 Stabilization of Pores in Green Ceramics…………………………………….15 2-2-1 Effect of Surface Tension…………………………………..………………15 2-2-2 Stabilization of Bubbles…………………..……………………...…………16 2-3 Methods of Preparing Porous Ceramics……………………...………………23 2-3-1 Direct Foaming Method……………...……………………………..………23 2-3-2 Sacrificial-Template Method…………...………………………………..…24 2-3-3 Replica Method………...……………………………………….………..…26 2-3-4 Method for Porous Fiber-Reinforced Composites……………………….…27 2-4 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer in Ceramic Foams………………………....…29 2-4-1 Phonon Conduction…………………………………………………..…..29 2-4-2 Photon Conduction…………………………………………………...…..32 2-4-3 Convection………………………………….…………………………..…..37 2-4-4 Thermal Conductivity of Multiphase Ceramics………………………….37 2-5 Measurements of Thermal Conductivity……………………….…….........…47 2-5-1 Hot Wire Method……………………………………………………….…..47 2-5-2 Laser Flash Technique………………………….………………………..…50 2-5-3 Guarded Hot Plate Method…………………………………………………50 Chapter 3 Experimental Procedure…………………...……………………………..55 3-1 Materials…...………………...…………………………………………………55 3-2 Processing of Porous Ceramics……………………………......……………62 3-2-1 Determination of Optimum Surfactant Type and Concentration………...…62 3-2-2 Preparation of Ceramic Foam………………………………………………62 3-2-3 Microwave Drying………………………………………………………….63 3-3-4 Consolidation…………………………………………………………….…63 3-3 Analysis……………………………………..…………………...……………64 3-3-1 Porosity……………………………………………..………………………64 3-3-2 Thermal Conductivity………………………………………………………64 3-3-3 Permeability…………………………………………………………...……65 3-3-4 Thermal Mechanical Analysis…………………………………..…………66 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion………………...…………………………….……72 4-1 Stabilization of Ceramic Foam…………………………………………...……72 4-1-1 Surfactant……………………………………………………………...……72 4-1-2 Condition of Microwave Drying…………………………………………..75 4-2 Microstructure and Permeability……………………………………..……79 4-2-1 Cell Size and Cell Size Distribution………………………………………..79 4-2-2 Porosity and Permeability……………………………………………..……82 4-3 Compressive Strength………………………………………………….……97 4-4 Thermal Conductivity……………….….……………………………………101 4-4-1 Dominant Mechanism of Heat Transfer………………………..…………102 4-4-2 Critical Temperature of Photon Conduction………………………………105 Chapter 5 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….……114 References………………….…………………………………………………………118 List of Figures Fig. 2-1 Microstructures of ceramic foams with close cells; (a) alumina, (b) yttria-stabilized-zirconia (3YSZ)……………………………………………………….10 Fig. 2-2 Microstructures of ceramic foams with open cells; (a) alumina, (b) yttria-stabilized-zirconia (3YSZ)..……………………………………………………...11 Fig. 2-3 Fracture surfaces of porous SiC ceramics which are sintered at various temperatures with 5 wt% hollow microspheres: (a) 1800oC, (b) 1900oC and (c) 2000oC……………………………………………………………………………...…..12 Fig. 2-4 Fracture surfaces of close-cell, microcellular porous SiC which shows an average cell size of 6.7 μm……………………………………………………………..13 Fig. 2-5 Schematic illustration of the effect of surface tension as a film being extended by a force F……………………………………………………………………………..19 Fig. 2-6 Particles are adsorbed onto gas-liquid interfaces due to hydrophobic surface of the particle. The overall free energy of foam is reduced by removing part of highly energetic gas-liquid interfacial area. The balance in surface energy γSL, γLG, and γSG is responsible for the adsorption of particles……………………………………………...20 Fig. 2-7 Schematic illustration of the atomic structure of muscovite………………….21 Fig. 2-8 Schematic illustration of three processing techniques for the production of macroporous ceramics………………………………………………………………….27 Fig. 2-9 Heat propagation by phonons in the presence of a uniform temperature gradient along the x-axis. The thermal current at x0 is carried by phonons whose last collision was, on the average, a distance l away from x0. Phonons with velocities c transport an angle θ with the x-axis………………………………………………………………….40 Fig. 2-10 Thermal conductivity in the solid solution system MgO-NiO, the thermal conductivity of pure MgO and NiO decreases with increasing the concentration of second phase……………………………………………………………………………41 Fig. 2-11 Energy distribution of emission waves in various black body spectra as a function of temperature. λmax shifts to shorter wavelengths as the temperature is raised……………………………………………………………………………………42 Fig. 2-12 Illustration of the refraction and reflection of light. Refraction and reflection occur as encountering an interface between two materials with different refraction indices………………………………………………………………………………..…43 Fig. 2-13 Photons are scattered as propagating through a spherical pore in glass……..44 Fig. 2-14 Three kinds of idealized phase distribution. (a) Parallel slabs; (b) continuous major phase; (c) continuous minor phase………………………………………...…….45 Fig. 2-15 Schematic diagram of hot-wire method. A hot wire having a length of L and a constant input current I flowing through a heating wire, which is embedded in the center of the investigated sample. The detect point of the thermal couple is arranged by a specific distance r from the hot wire…………………………………………………...51 Fig. 2-16 Schematic diagram of a laser flash apparatus………………………………..52 Fig. 2-17 Schematic diagram of a guarded hot plate apparatus…………….………….53 Fig. 3-1 Experimental flowchart of fabricating porous ceramics, including analysis implemented in this study…………………………………………………..…………..56 Fig. 3-2 SEM micrographs reveal the morphologies of (a) mica and (b) G1A5 powder..............................................................................................................58 Fig. 3-3 Structural formula of surfactant (a) SDS, (b) CAPB, and (c) CDB………….60 Fig. 3-4 Photographs showing three typical bubble behaviors of ceramic foam aged for 12 h. The behavior (1) is defined as water drainage, behavior (2) is bubble coalescence, and the behavior (3) is bubble collapse………………………………………………..66 Fig. 3-5 Photographs of (a) hot wire apparatus, (b) the sample holder with refractory cotton covered, and (c) the arrangement of ceramic samples and the Fe-Cr-Al wire. The Fe-Cr-Al wire which has a diameter of 1.0 mm is used as a heating source and embedded between two identical ceramic samples (3.0 2.5 2.0 cm). Thermal couple is inserted into the ceramic sample and kept away from the Fe-Cr-Al wire in a distance of 0.8 cm………………………………………………………………………………….67 Fig. 3-6 Sketch of the heating time t in log scale plotted against the temperature (T-T∞)………………………………………………………………….……………68 Fig. 3-7 Schematic illustration of the apparatus for measuring gas permeability of porous sample…………………………………………………………………………..69 Fig. 4-1 Schematic illustration of mica particulate adsorbed onto the gas-liquid interface (bubble surface). The positively-charged ends of the cationic CDB molecules are adsorbed onto the negatively-charged surface of mica particulate, and leave their hydrophobic tail toward outside, thus forming a hydrophobic layer surrounding the surface of mica particulate. The balance of γSL, γLG and γSG made the mica particulates adhere onto the bubble surface…………………………………………………………76 Fig. 4-2 Sketch of relative average bubble size plotted against aging period of fresh foams with different surfactant concentrations. Each sample had a solid content of 8.0 vol% of mica and 3.5 vol% of G1A5 glass…………………………………………….77 Fig. 4-3 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G1_stir, and (c) the histogram of cell size distribution…………………………………………………84 Fig. 4-4 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G1_shake, and (c) the histogram of cell size distribution…………………………………………………85 Fig. 4-5 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G2_stir, and (c) the histogram of cell size distribution…………………………………………………..86 Fig. 4-6 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G2_shake and (c) the histogram of cell size distribution…………………………………………………..87 Fig. 4-7 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G3_stir, and (c) the histogram of the cell size distribution………………………………………………88 Fig. 4-8 SEM micrographs (a) and (b) illustrating the gas cells of M3G3_shake and (c) the histogram of cell size distribution…………………………………………………..89 Fig. 4-9 TMA analysis result of mica green disk. The mica specimen was de-hydrated at 600oC for 2 h before the TMA test……………………………………………………..94 Fig. 4-10 TMA analysis of die-pressed mica/glass disk which contains 57.1 vol% of mica and 42.9 vol% of G1A5 glass shows shrinkage occurred at the temperature of 900oC approximately, which resulted from the melting of the G1A5 glass. The specimen was de-hydrated at 600oC for 2 h before the TMA test……………………...95 Fig. 4-11 Wetting behavior of G1A5 glass green pellet on mica substrate at the temperature between 880oC and 1000oC. Each temperature was hold for 5 min………96 Fig. 4-12 Stress-strain-curve of investigated porous ceramics, showing a graceful failure mode…………………………………………………………………………………99 Fig. 4-13 Comparison of the compressive strength of investigated samples with what reported in the literature. Specimens for compressive strength in this study were produced to have a square cross section and an aspect ratio of 2.0 (11 mm 11 mm 22 mm)……………………………………………………………………………………100 Fig. 4-14 Thermal conductivity of sample M1G1_shake plotted against the temperature. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 300oC………………………………………………………………..107 Fig. 4-15 Thermal conductivity of sample M1G3_shake plotted against the temperature. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 400oC………………………………………………………………..108 Fig. 4-16 Thermal conductivity of sample M3G2_shake plotted against the temperature. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 500oC…………………………………………………………………109 Fig. 4-17 Thermal conductivity of sample M3G3_shake plotted against the temperature. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 600oC………………………………………………………………..110 Fig. 4-18 Schematic illustration of the radiation traveling through the multilayer structure of gas cell wall. The reflection occurs at each interface, and each of reflection causes a reduction in the intensity of incident radiation………………………………111 Fig. 4-19 The sketch of the thermal conductivity plotted against the critical temperature………………………………………………………………………..…..112 Fig. 4-20 Thermal conductivity of sample M1G1_shake plotted against the temperature in log scale. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 285oC………………………………………….………………………113 Fig. 4-21 Thermal conductivity of sample M1G3_shake plotted against the temperature in log scale. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 400oC……………………………………………….…………………114 Fig. 4-22 Thermal conductivity of sample M3G2_shake plotted against the temperature in log scale. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 500oC…………………………………….………………..................115 Fig. 4-23 Thermal conductivity of sample M3G3_shake plotted against the temperature in log scale. The critical temperature that the photon conduction becomes significant is approximately 600oC…………………………………………………………….….116 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 多孔複合陶瓷材料的製備與絕熱性質之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Preparation and Characterization of Porous Ceramic Composites for Thermal Insulation | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 98-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 薛承輝,曾文甲 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 泡沫,雲母,玻璃,複合,多孔,熱傳導率,通透率, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | foam,mica,glass,composite,porous,thermal conductivity,permeability, | en |
dc.relation.page | 128 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2010-03-31 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 材料科學與工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 材料科學與工程學系 |
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