台灣受僱者的集體力量與其健康之相關

Abstract

背景 勞工參與之意義，在使受僱者得以對影響本身工作條件之各項決策有參與的權利，並增進職場安全衛生職場安全衛生管理的效能。實務上個體受僱者很難介入工作場所職業安全衛生的管理，因此經常是透過如組織工會，形成集體的力量來做參與。然而，台灣受僱者透過集體的力量，參與職業安全與健康的成效如何，缺少相關的研究提供實證資料。 研究方法 研究資料來源為台灣全國具代表性的受僱者問卷調查，本研究探討台灣受僱者的集體力量在不同社經地位、僱傭狀態、心理社會工作特性的受僱者中分佈的狀況，並檢視在受僱者的集體力量與其自評健康、心理健康、以及職災的相關性。此外，為了解受僱者的集體力量如何透過現行的機制影響受僱者的健康，額外進行了補充性的質性訪談。 研究結果 總計有9180位男性及7269位女性介於25至65歲之間的受僱者被納入本研究。研究結果發現，受僱者的集體力量在男性與女性受僱者之間並無並無顯著差異。教育程度較低、工時低於40小時、定期契約、按件或按時記酬的受僱者有較低的集體力量。在公司規模方面，受僱者的集體力量隨著公司員工人數增加而增加。社會心理工作特性上，高工作負荷、低工作控制、低就業保障、低職場正義的受僱者有較低的集體力量。多變項迴歸分析的的結果顯示，在控制性別與年齡之後，集體力量較低的受僱者的健康風險皆顯著高於集體力量較高的受僱者，自評健康狀況較差、發生職災以及心理健康較差的勝算比分別為1.89, 1.58, 1.72。受僱者的集體力量對與其健康的相關性，可能是受到僱傭安定性以及職場正義的影響。 結論 本研究結果呼籲應當更為重視受僱者的集體力量對於職業安全衛生管理的重要性，以及對於受僱者健康的正面影響。

BACKGORUND Worker participation allows employees to exercise control over their work conditions and enhances the efficiency of occupational safety and health management in the workplace. It is common for individual employees to participate through collective power, such as by organizing a labor union. However, the association between the levels of workers’ collective power and occupational safety and health (OSH) outcomes have not been empirically examined. METHODS By utilizing data from a nationally representative sample of paid employees in Taiwan, this study examined the distribution of employees' collective power across socio-demographic categories and work characteristics. The associations of collective power with self-rated health, self-reported occupational injuries, and mental health were examined. A complementary qualitative interview was conducted to explore the possible mechanisms behind the associations of employees' collective power with OHS outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9180 men and 7269 women aged 25–65 years were studied. The results indicated that employees with lower educational status, lower working hours than 40 per week, fix-termed contract, and piece-rated or time-based payment reported lower collective power. The collective power increased along the size of the enterprise. Those who had lower job control, higher job demands, higher employment insecurity and lower workplace justice were found to possess lower collective power. The results of multivariate regression analyses showed that lower collective power were associated with higher risks for poorer self-rated health, higher occupational injuries, poorer mental health, after adjusting sex and age. The odds ratios were 1.89, 1.58, and 1.72 respectively. The associations were found to be attributed to the correlation of higher job insecurity and poor workplace justice with lower levels of collective power. CONCLUSION Findings from this study call for more attention on the importance of collective power of employees in the occupational safety and health management and its influence on workers' health.