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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李達源(Dar-Yuan Lee) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsuan-Han Huang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 黃宣翰 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T02:41:19Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-08-22 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-08-22 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-08-16 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 戶刈義次。1963。作物學試驗法。東京農業技術學會印行。第159-176頁。
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ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wi. Meng, X. G., S. B. Bang, and G. P. Korfiatis. 2000. Effects of silicate, sulfate, and carbonate on arsenic removal by ferric chloride. Water Res. 34: 1255-1261. Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. P.539-579. In A. L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, Part2. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wi. Okuda, A., and E. Takahashi. 1965. The role of silicon. In the mineral nutrition of the rice plant. Johns Hopkins press: Baltimore. Onken, B. M., and L. R. Hossner. 1996. Determination of arsenic species in soil solution under flooded conditions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: 1385–1392. Rittle, K. A., and J. I. Drever. 1995. Precipitation of arsenic during bacterial sulphate reduction. Geomicrobiol. J. 13: 1–11. Semdley, P. L., and D. G. Kinniburgh. 2002. A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochem. 17: 517-568. Smith, E., R. Naidu, and A. M. Alston. 2002. Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils: II. Effect of phophorus, sodium, and calcium on arsenic sorption. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 557–563. Sommwe, A. L. 1926. Studies concerning the essential nature of aluminum and silicon for plant growth. Univ. Calif. Publ. Agr. Sci. 5 (2): 57-81. Su, Y. H., S. P. McGrath, F. J. Zhao. 2010. Rice is more efficient in arsenite uptake and translocation than wheat and barley. Plant soil. 328: 27-34. Ullrich-Eberius, C. I. A. Sanz, and A. J. Novacky. 1989. Evaluation of arsenate- and vanadate-associated changes of electrical membrane potential and phosphate transport in Lemna gibba G1. J. Exp. Bot. 40: 119–128. Williams, P. N., A. Villada, C. Deacon, A. Raab, J. Figuerola, et al. 2007. Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 6854-59 Xu, G. H., X. H. Zhan, C. H. Li, S. D. Bao, X. B. Liu, and T. D. Chu. 2001. Assessing methods of available silicon in calcareous soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 32: 787-201. Xu, X. Y., S. P. McGrath, A. A. Meharg, and F. J. Zhao. 2008. Growing rice aerobically decreases arsenic accumulation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 5574–5579. Zhao, F. J., S. P. McGrath, and A. A. Meharg. 2010. Arsenic as a food chain contaminant: Mechanisms of plant uptake and metabolism and mitigation strategies. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61: 535-559. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/44131 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 前人研究指出提高土壤溶液中矽酸濃度可能降低水稻對砷之吸收。因此在砷污染之土壤中,施用矽酸或許可減少水稻對砷之吸收進而減輕砷的毒害。本研究目的在探討施用矽酸鈉對種植於砷汙染土壤中水稻幼苗的生長以及吸收砷之影響。本研究以四種台灣有效性矽含量低之代表性土壤:平鎮 (Pc)、台南 (Tn)、淇武蘭 (Ca) 和內埔系 (Np)、添加As (Ⅴ) 製備為200 mg As (Ⅴ) kg-1之砷汙染土;另取兩個不同砷濃度之關渡土壤為供試土壤。依據作物施肥手冊與文獻求得矽之推薦施用量為0.1753 g Si kg-1 (+all Si),之後將試驗土壤分為四種不同矽酸鈉施用量之處理: (1) control (2) +1/4 Si (3) +1/2 Si (4) +all Si進行浸水孵育試驗與水稻幼苗盆栽試驗。土壤浸水孵育後測定土壤溶液中砷與矽濃度隨孵育時間之變化,結果顯示,隨著矽酸鈉施用量增加,台南、內埔、淇武蘭系土壤溶液中砷濃度也隨之上升,推測因矽酸根與砷酸根互相競爭土壤中鐵 (氫) 氧化物上相同的吸附位置所造成。然而,在平鎮與關渡土壤溶液中砷濃度並沒有因矽酸鈉的施用而有顯著差異,乃因這兩種土壤其吸附能力較強,施用矽酸鈉後,矽酸隨即被土壤中鐵 (氫) 氧化物吸附,而減少了與砷酸競爭的機率。台南、內埔、淇武蘭系不管是在未添加砷之土壤或是人工砷汙染土壤中,其土壤溶液中矽與砷濃度之間皆具有線性正相關。水稻幼苗盆栽試驗結果發現,種植於未添加砷之土壤與低濃度砷之關渡土壤中的水稻幼苗生質量並沒有因施用矽酸而有顯著差異,但其中內埔與淇武蘭系之水稻幼苗地上部砷含量,卻會隨著矽酸施用量增加而上升。種植於砷汙染土壤中的水稻幼苗毒害程度會隨著矽酸施用量增加而越嚴重。結果顯示,施用矽酸鈉皆會提高未受砷汙染之土壤與砷汙染之土壤溶液中砷濃度,但前者其增加的量尚未對水稻幼苗造成毒害,且土壤溶液中的矽酸濃度也不足以抑制水稻幼苗吸收砷。然而,在砷汙染土壤中,其提高的量超過水稻幼苗所能負荷之量,而使原本已經受砷毒害之水稻幼苗受害程度更嚴重。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Increasing concentration of silicic acid in soil solutions may mitigate arsenic uptake by rice as reported by previous researchers. Therefore, in As-contaminated soils applying silicic acid may alleviate As toxicity of rice by decreasing As uptake. In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.“Taichung 65”) was cultivated in As-contaminated soils for 38 days in Phytotron to evaluate the effect of application of silicic acid on growth and arsenic uptake of rice seedlings. Four low available Si contents of Taiwan soils were spiked with 200 mg As (V) kg-1 and two Guandu soils containing different levels of As were used in this study. The Si recommended application rate 0.1753 g Si kg-1 soil was used as the all Si treatment. The Si application levels (sodium silicate) included: (1) control (2) 1/4 Si (3) 1/2 Si (4) all Si. Concentrations of Fe, As, P and silicic acid in soil solutions under flooded incubation for 50 days and As concentrations in roots and shoots of rice seedlings were determined. The results indicate that the addition of sodium silicate significantly increased the concentrations of As in soil solutions of Tainan, Neipu and Chiwulan soils, presumably through a replacement of arsenite or arsenate adsorbed on Fe oxides/hydroxides by silicic acid. However, the phenomena were not observed in Pinchen and Guandu soils, because the adsorption capacity of Pinchen and Guandu soils were higher than those of other tested soils. When sodium silicate was applied to Pinchen and Guandu soils, silicic acid might be adsorbed on Fe oxides/hydroxides, thus the opportunity of competing with soil-adsorbed arsenic would be reduced. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between As and silicic acid concentrations in the soil solutions of non-added As (V) soils or As-contaminated soils of Tainan, Neipu and Chiwulan.
The results of pot experiments of rice seedlings show that the effect of silicic acid on biomass of rice seedlings was not significant in non-added As (V) soils and low level As concentration soil of Guandu. However, the As content in shoots increased with increasing rates of sodium silicate application in Neipu and Chiwulan soils. On the contrary, the growth of rice seedlings in As-contaminated soils was inhibited with increasing application rates of sodium silicate. The above results suggest that the addition of sodium silicate significantly increased As concentration in soil solutions of both non-added As (V) soils and As-contaminated soils. In non-added As (V) soils, the increase of silicic acid in soil solutions did not inhibit the growth and As uptake of rice seedlings. However, in As-contaminated soils, the amounts of As in soil solutions were greatly increased with increasing sodium silicate application, thus resulting in the increase of As toxicity of rice seedlings. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T02:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-R98623020-1.pdf: 6442252 bytes, checksum: e7e429691a0b1692659c55678b0f9627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ 目錄 Ⅳ 表目錄 Ⅶ 圖目錄 Ⅸ 一、緒論 1 1.1 砷 1 1.2 砷的污染 4 1.3 土壤中的砷 5 1.4 矽酸對水稻生長之效應 7 1.5 矽酸對水稻吸收砷之影響 8 1.6 研究目的 9 二、材料與方法 10 2.1 試驗土壤之選定與理化性質分析 10 2.1.1 試驗土壤之製備與理化性質分析 10 2.1.2 四種供試土壤添加As (Ⅴ) 之處理 13 2.1.3 土壤中總砷含量測定 14 2.2 不同矽酸鈉施用量下試驗土壤之浸水孵育 15 2.2.1 矽酸鈉施用量 15 2.2.2 土壤浸水孵育處理 15 2.2.3 浸水孵育之土壤溶液的收集與測定鐵、錳、矽、砷和磷含量16 2.3 浸水土壤之氧化還原電位測定 17 2.3.1 白金電極校正 17 2.3.2 試驗土壤前處理 17 2.3.3 試驗土壤之氧化還原電位測定 17 2.4 水稻幼苗生長之盆栽試驗 19 2.4.1 供試水稻品種 19 2.4.2 試驗土壤前處理 19 2.4.3 秧苗育苗 19 2.4.4 盆栽試驗 22 2.4.5 根部鐵膜之鐵、磷和砷含量測定 22 2.4.6 植體分解 22 2.5 統計分析 24 三、結果與討論 25 3.1 試驗土壤之理化性質 25 3.2 施用矽酸鈉處理後,試驗土壤未經浸水孵育其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 29 3.2.1 未添加As (V) 之土壤,與低砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd 1,未經浸水孵育其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 29 3.2.2 砷汙染之土壤與高砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd 2,未經浸水孵育其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 37 3.3 施用矽酸鈉處理後,土壤浸水孵育50天期間,土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度變化 39 3.3.1 平鎮系土壤 39 3.3.2 台南系土壤 46 3.3.3 內埔系土壤 52 3.3.4 淇武蘭系土壤 58 3.3.5 關渡土壤 64 3.4 施用矽酸鈉處理後,試驗土壤經50天浸水孵育之後,其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 70 3.4.1 未添加As (V) 之土壤與低砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd 1,經浸水孵育50天後,其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 70 3.4.2 砷汙染之土壤與高砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd 2,經浸水孵育50天後,其土壤溶液中矽、砷和磷濃度 78 3.5 水稻幼苗盆栽試驗 81 3.5.1 水稻幼苗生長情形 81 3.6 水稻幼苗盆栽試驗之植體分析 86 3.6.1 水稻幼苗種植於未添加As (Ⅴ) 之土壤與低砷濃度之關渡土壤 -Gd 1,其植體中砷、鐵和磷濃度 86 3.6.2 水稻幼苗種植於砷汙染之土壤與高砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd2,其 根部鐵膜中鐵、磷和砷濃度 91 3.6.3水稻幼苗種植於砷汙染之土壤與高砷濃度之關渡土壤-Gd 2,其 植體中砷、鐵和磷濃度 93 四、結論 97 五、參考文獻 98 六、附錄 103 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 施用矽酸鈉對種植於砷汙染土壤中水稻幼苗生長與吸收砷之影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The effect of sodium silicate on growth and arsenic uptake of rice seedlings grown in As-contaminated soils | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鍾仁賜,何聖賓,陳仁炫,莊愷瑋 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 土壤,矽酸,砷,水稻,吸附作用,競爭, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | soil,silicic acid,arsenic,paddy rice,adsorption,competition, | en |
dc.relation.page | 112 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-08-17 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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