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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王佩華(Pei-Hwa Wang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Chin-Chung Chien | en |
dc.contributor.author | 簡執中 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T02:23:56Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-08-18 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2009-08-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2009-08-18 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 中國畜牧學會。2001。畜牧要覽養豬篇增修版。中國畜牧學會。台北市。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/43588 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 台灣於 2002 年加入世界貿易組織 (World Trade Organization, WTO),由於進口豬肉較便宜,國內養豬產業受到強大的市場壓力,所以發展出具有本土特色之品牌豬肉成為重要的課題。台灣黑豬的肉含有豐富的肌內脂肪 (intramuscular fat, IMF),使得肉質鮮美,能夠做出市場區隔,所以台灣黑豬可以做為本土特色之品牌豬肉的來源。
由於民間黑豬場的種原及配種策略無法確知,為了解台灣黑豬的種畜來源及類緣關係,本研究收集了來自於 8 個不同豬場共 299 頭台灣黑豬及台灣現有之豬隻種原的樣本,包含杜洛克、藍瑞斯、約克夏、盤克夏、畜試黑豬一號、桃園豬及梅山豬,利用 15 組微衛星標幟進行試驗,並以 PHYLIP 軟體計算遺傳距離,以瞭解台灣黑豬與各豬種間的類緣關係。結果顯示 Farm 1、2、3、4、5、7 及 8 與杜洛克、藍瑞斯及畜試黑豬一號分在同一群組,顯示其種畜來源類似;Farm 6 與盤克夏分在同一群組;桃園豬與梅山豬分在同一群組,藉由結果可了解各豬場台灣黑豬所使用的種原有所差異,但仍可發現主要的種原有杜洛克、藍瑞斯、畜試黑豬一號及盤克夏。 為瞭解不同豬場之台灣黑豬在體型測量值、屠體性狀及第 9~10 肋間腰眼肌肉化學組成的差異,選取了來自 8 個不同豬場共 434 頭台灣黑豬進行試驗。結果顯示 Farm 3 之台灣黑豬有較好的體型表現且其整齊度高;在屠體性狀方面,Farm 5 及 8 有較厚的背脂厚度,而 Farm 3 的背脂厚度則較薄;在肌肉化學組成方面,Farm 3、4 及 5 有較高的肌內脂肪含量。綜上所述,可發現 Farm 3 之台灣黑豬的整體表現較好,似乎可作為台灣黑豬最適生產模式的參考。 本研究選用兩種與豬隻生長及屠體性狀有關的基因-第一型及第二型類胰島素生長因子 (insulin-like growth factor I and II, IGF-I and IGF-II),利用 PCR-RFLP 技術進行台灣黑豬遺傳多態性的分析,結果發現 IGF-I 基因的 HhaI 切位的不同基因型只有在胸深有顯著差異,其餘性狀皆無顯著差異,而 IGF-II 的NciI 切位的不同基因型對於背脂厚度及肌內脂肪量有顯著差異,顯示 IGF-II 的NciI 切位可作為選拔背脂厚度及肌內脂肪量的篩選基因。 為瞭解台灣黑豬的生長狀況,本試驗選用與 Farm 3 有類似種原的黑豬進行生長試驗,結果發現生長曲線呈現類似斜線且平穩的趨勢,顯示台灣黑豬體重於100 公斤後仍維持穩定的增重速率,可能是背脂厚度的增長速率增加所造成。此外可發現本試驗之台灣黑豬之日增重及肌內脂肪含量有較畜試黑豬一號高的趨勢,且本試驗之台灣黑豬在 50 及 95 公斤體重時之背脂厚度較畜試黑豬一號薄,在 130 公斤體重時之背脂厚度有薄於畜試黑豬一號在 120 公斤體重時之背脂厚度的趨勢,且肌內脂肪量有高於畜試黑豬一號的趨勢。顯示本試驗之台灣黑豬在生長及屠體性狀表現優於畜試黑豬一號,似乎是較畜試黑豬一號好的黑豬生產模式。 由上述試驗結果可知,Farm 3 之台灣黑豬有不錯的體型表現、較薄的背脂厚度及較高的肌內脂肪量,似乎是較好的黑豬生產模式,且透過生長試驗可發現,本試驗台灣黑豬在日增重及屠體性狀的表現上都優於畜試黑豬一號,更適合作為台灣黑豬的最適生產模式。而透過 NciI 切位之 IGF-II 基因之選拔,可使台灣黑豬具有高肌內脂肪量,增加豬肉的附加價值。透過各項試驗,期望本研究可作為台灣黑豬最適生產模式的參考之一。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Taiwan had played a member of World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002, so the pork industry was confronted by import pressure. To deal with this problem, the stockbreeders tried to establish a new local brand focusing on Taiwan black pigs. The meat of Taiwan black pigs is more popular in Taiwan because of its higher intramuscular fat content (IMF%).
Nevertheless, the productive models of Taiwan black pigs in different farms were uncertain. Therefore, the first experiment was to investigate parental breeds of Taiwan black pigs by using 15 pairs of microsatellite markers. Total of 299 Taiwan black pigs from 8 private farms, 38 Taoyuan, 32 Meishan, 12 Berkshire, 31 Duroc, 21 Landrace, and 33 Yorkshire pigs were analyzed. The genetic distance among these pig breeds was calculated by PHYLIP software. From the genetic distance viewpoint, the results showed that farm 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, Duroc, Landrace and TLRI black No. 1 pig were grouped. Farm 6 and Berkshire were grouped. Meishan and Taoyuan were grouped. The breeding policies of productive models were different among farms, but we could figure out that Duroc, Landrace, TLRI black No. 1 pig and Berkshire might be the major parental breeds of Taiwan black pigs in the study. In order to understand the difference of body conformations, carcass traits, and chemical compositions of M. longissimus dorsi of Taiwan black pigs between different farms, we sampled 434 Taiwan black pigs in 8 different farms. The results showed that Taiwan black pig from the farm 3 had better performance of body conformation and higher uniformity than others. In carcass traits, backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs from farm 5 and 8 were thicker than others while pigs from farm 3 had thinner backfat. In addition, the results showed Taiwan black pigs from farm 3, 4, and 5 had higher IMF% in chemical composition of muscle. Taken together, the performances of body conformation, carcass traits, and chemical composition of muscle in Taiwan black pigs from farm 3 were better than pigs from other farms. It was indicated that Taiwan black pigs from farm 3 might be more suitable productive model. Moreover, we picked up two genes, IGF-I and IGF-II, which was related to growth and carcass traits for genotyping by PCR-RFLP. The results showed body conformations, carcass traits, and chemical compositions of muscle were not significant different among pigs with different IGF-I genotypes (P>0.05), but there were significant differences of backfat thickness and IMF% (P<0.05) among different genotypes of IGF-II gene. In order to predict the model of growth rate of Taiwan black pigs, we selected black pig that the breed was similar to farm 3 to do the growth test. The results showed the growth curve of Taiwan black pigs grew steady. Because the growth rate of backfat increased, the weight of Taiwan black pig maintained steady gain after 100 kg. In addition, the average daily gain and intramuscular fat of Taiwan black pigs in this study were higher than TLRI black No.1 pigs. The backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs were thicker than TLRI black No.1 pigs at 50 and 95 kg, but the backfat thickness of Taiwan black pigs at 130 kg were thinner than TLRI black No.1 pigs at 120 kg. Besides, the intramuscular fat of Taiwan black pigs were higher than TLRI black No.1 pigs. It showed that the productive model of black pigs in this study were better than TLRI black No.1 pigs. These results suggested that Taiwan black pig from farm 3 had better performance of body conformations, thinner backfat thickness, and higher IMF%. It was the better productive model of Taiwan Black pig. In addition, daily gain and carcass traits of Taiwan black pigs were better than TLRI black No.1 pigs in this test. Meanwhile, IGF-II gene might be a genetic maker which could increase IMF%. It could increase additional value of meat. Throuh test, we expected that this research could become a reference of optimal productive model of Taiwan black pigs. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T02:23:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-98-R95626012-1.pdf: 1644227 bytes, checksum: cdd89546cb1f56f7f904169b038b594a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄………………………………………………………………………………...........I
圖次………………………………………………………………………………...…..III 表次………………………………………………………………………………….….V 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………...…….VII 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………….....IX 壹、前言……………………………………………………………………...…...……...1 貳、文獻檢討…………………………………………………………….….…...……... 2 一、台灣地區肉猪飼養狀況與發展..........…………....…….……………………..2 二、分子生物標幟在猪隻生長及屠體表現上的應用….......................................28 三、超音波測量技術在猪隻生長及屠體表現上的應用….………………….….33 參、材料與方法…………………………………………………….……….…..……...36 一、試驗猪隻與期間...............................................................................................36 二、體型測量及評鑑資料收集...............................................................................36 三、屠宰資料收集...................................................................................................36 四、肉樣化學組成分分析.......................................................................................36 五、基因型多態性分析...........................................................................................37 六、台灣黑猪類緣關係分析...................................................................................39 七、台灣黑猪生長試驗...........................................................................................50 肆、結果與討論………………………………………………………….…...……...…55 一、台灣黑猪類緣關係之分析...............................................................................55 二、不同猪場台灣黑猪之性狀表現.......................................................................58 三、不同性別台灣黑猪之性狀表現.......................................................................63 四、台灣黑猪 IGF-I 基因 PCR-RFLP 之多態性分析........................................65 五、台灣黑猪 IGF-II 基因 PCR-RFLP 之多態性分析......................................70 II 六、台灣黑猪生長模式之分析...............................................................................77 伍、結論…………………………………………………….…………………...……...92 陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………..……………………….94 III 圖 次 圖1. 藍瑞斯…………….…………………………..…………………………....5 圖2. 杜洛克……………………....…………………………………….….…….5 圖3. 約克夏………………..………………………….…………………………….......5 圖4. 漢布夏…………………………………………………………………………......5 圖5. 盤克夏………….……………………………………………………..…………...5 圖6. 梅山猪…………………………...………………………………………………...5 圖7. 桃園猪……….…………………………………………………………………….5 圖8. LYD 三品種雜交猪配種流程…….......…………………………………………..8 圖9. 畜試黑猪一號選育流程.………………………………………………………….9 圖10. 高畜黑猪選育流程..............................................................................................10 圖11. 以粒線體DNA 分析台灣地區猪隻品種族群....................................................13 圖12. 以微衛星標幟繪製猪隻品種類緣樹……………………………………..……13 圖13. 梅山猪與約克夏之生長曲線…….…………………………………………….21 圖14. 約克夏與梅山猪之閹公猪與女猪的背最長肌面積擴增曲線…...…………...24 圖15. 屠體長與背最長肌腰眼面積之增長與體重的關係.……….………………....25 圖16. 瘦肉、脂肪、骨骼及表皮所佔屠體重與體重的關係……....……………....26 圖17. 一般商業化狀況下閹公猪與女猪之平均日增重情形……...……….…….27 圖18. IGF-1 在肝臟、骨骼肌及脂肪組織的傳遞途徑…...........…...…………….....29 圖19. 肌肉細胞以自泌 IGF-II 的方式調控 MyoD 基因表現……..........…....…...31 圖20. A-mode 超音波儀器:(a) Renco Lean-Meater® SERIES;(b) RENCO PREG-ALERT……………………..........….....................................…….…...35 圖21. B-mode 超音波儀器:ALOKA SSD-500……………………….…………...35 圖22. 本試驗設計流程圖……………………….…………………………………….41 圖23. 猪隻體型測量項目…………….……………………………………………….42 IV 圖24. 肉中粗脂肪量測定流程圖…………………………………………………..…43 圖25. 自白血球抽取基因組 DNA 之流程圖.............................................................44 圖26. 超音波偵測猪隻背脂厚度測量點......................................................................52 圖27. 不同場台灣黑猪之 UPGMA 遺傳類緣關係系統樹…………………………57 圖28. 本試驗不同場台灣黑猪之活體重分布及差異…….………………………….58 圖29. 猪第一型類胰島素生長因子 IGF-I 基因以限制酶 HhaI 截切片段之基因型 判定………………………………………………...…………...……………...65 圖30. 純種猪與不同猪場台灣黑猪之 IGF-I 交替基因頻率分布圖.………….…..69 圖31. 純種猪與不同猪場台灣黑猪之 IGF-I 基因型頻率分布圖.........…......…….70 圖32. 猪第二型類胰島素生長因子 IGF-II 基因以限制酶 NciI 截切片段之基因型 判定………………………………………………………………..…….71 圖33. 純種猪與不同猪場台灣黑猪之 IGF-II 交替基因頻率……………….…......75 圖34. 純種猪與不同猪場台灣黑猪之 IGF-II 基因型頻率分布圖.…………...…76 圖35. 本試驗不同生長階段之台灣黑猪的生長曲線及背脂厚度………………......79 圖36. 猪隻典型的 S 型生長曲線……………………………………….....………...79 圖37. 藍瑞斯和杜洛克不同日齡之平均體重……………………………...………...80 圖38. 猪隻的生長曲線...……………………………………………………………...80 圖39. 猪隻不同週齡之屠體組成……………………………………………………..81 圖40. 猪隻不同體重之瘦肉、脂肪、骨骼及皮膚重之發育模式…………………..…81 圖41. 台灣黑猪之第 1 肋、最後肋及最後腰椎背脂厚度增長趨勢圖......................82 圖42. 猪隻不同體重之背脂厚度的發育模式..............................................................83 圖43. 不同生長階段台灣黑猪血漿中 IGF-I 濃度.....................................................84 圖44. 公猪及女猪之血清中 IGF-I 濃度.....................................................................85 V 表 次 表1. 1983~1991 年間 LYD 三品種肉猪生長性能….………………………..……..18 表2. 畜試所黑猪田間試驗之生長性能……………………………………………....19 表3. 畜試黑猪與民間黑猪之生長性能比較……………………………..…………..19 表4. 畜試黑猪一號與配不同品種公猪對後裔生長性能之影響………….………...20 表5. 畜試黑猪一號之生長性能……………………………………………………....20 表6. 分析IGF-I 與 IGF-II 基因多態性之 PCR 反應條件………………………..45 表7. IGF-I 與 IGF-II 基因 PCR 產物片段經限制酶作用後之片段大小與型別...46 表8. Multiplex 1 的微衛星標幟資訊............................................................................47 表9. Multiplex 2 的微衛星標幟資訊………………………………………………....48 表10. Multiplex 3 的微衛星標幟資訊….……..................................................……...49 表11. 本試驗黑猪所使用飼糧之組成分………………....………………..…………51 表12. 來自 8 個民間猪場黑猪與不同猪種間之遺傳距離....................……………55 表13. 本試驗不同場台灣黑猪之體型測量值….………………………….…………60 表14. 本試驗不同場台灣黑猪之屠體性狀……………………………………..……61 表15. 本本試驗不同場台灣黑猪第 9~10 肋腰眼肌肉之肌肉化學組成…..............62 表16. 不同性別台灣黑猪之體型測量值、屠體性狀及第 9~10 肋腰眼肌肉肌肉化 學組成.................................................................................................................64 表17. 不同 IGF-I 基因型台灣黑猪之體型測量值比較...……….………..........…..66 表18. 不同 IGF-I 基因型台灣黑猪之屠體性狀比較……………………….....…...67 表19. 不同 IGF-I 基因型台灣黑猪第 9~10 肋腰眼肌肉之肌肉化學組成比較....68 表20. 不同 IGF-II 基因型台灣黑猪之體型測量值比較……………..………….....72 表21. 不同 IGF-II 基因型台灣黑猪之屠體性狀比較…………………………...…73 表22. 不同 IGF-II 基因型台灣黑猪第 9~10 肋腰眼肌肉之肌肉化學組成比較...73 表23. 本試驗台灣黑猪不同生長階段之日增重………………..…..………………..82 VI 表24. 不同體重台灣黑猪之血漿中 IGF-I 濃度........................................................84 表25. 50 公斤台灣黑猪以 A-mode 與 B-mode 超音波儀器所測量最後肋背脂厚度 之相關性….……....……………...............................................................….....86 表26. 130 公斤台灣黑猪以 A-mode 及 B-mode 超音波儀器所測量最後肋背脂厚 度與屠體最後肋背脂厚度之相關性………………...................…………..…87 表27. 本試驗台灣黑猪在不同體重之體型測量值.......……..............................….…88 表28. 畜試黑猪一號之體型性狀............................………………………......………88 表29. 本試驗之台灣黑猪與畜試黑猪一號及 LYD 三品種雜交猪在生長及屠體性 狀之比較……………...............................……………………………………89 表30. 本試驗之台灣黑猪與其他國家黑猪在生長及屠體性狀之比較…….….……91 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 以遺傳標幟進行台灣黑毛豬生產模式與生長、屠體性狀及肌肉化學組成評估之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evaluation of productive models, growth, carcass traits, and chemical composition of muscle by genetic markers
in Taiwan black pigs | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 97-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 宋永義,林恩仲(E n-Chung Lin),羅玲玲,譚發瑞 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 台灣黑豬,體型,屠體性狀,遺傳變異,生長曲線, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Taiwan Black pigs,body conformation,carcass traits,genetic variation,growth curve, | en |
dc.relation.page | 102 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2009-08-18 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 動物科學技術學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物科學技術學系 |
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