居民對廢棄物處理設施識覺之研究—以宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮垃圾衛生掩埋場為例

Abstract

廢棄物的處理是現代社會不可不面對的問題。廢棄物處理設施是必要的公共設施，會對設置地點的鄰近地區帶來負面影響，其區位的選擇乃是一個值得研究探討的課題；廢棄物處理設施與周遭社區居民之間的衝突與處理，往往是產官學研各方所矚目的焦點。 本研究由地理學「人與環境」的觀點出發，探討居民對廢棄物處理設施的態度，以及如何回應調適乃是研究重要關注的議題。本研究以宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮北端龍德與頂寮兩個里為個案，探討該地區的垃圾衛生掩埋場對社區居民生活環境之影響，經由問卷調查訪問並分析在地居民對這些設施的環境識覺，並瞭解居民採取何種的回應行動，期望藉由行為地理學與環境識覺的研究取徑，檢視研究區內社區居民對於這些鄰避設施的識覺與回應。 研究結果顯示，（1）居民對於當地衛生掩埋場之識覺構成要素為「補償與社會關係」、「空間配置」、「負面影響」、「社會公平」與「決策機制」五者；而「健康情形」、「補償」與「決策機制」為顯著關連因素。（2）在環境衝擊方面，居民普遍認為垃圾掩埋場興建後在空氣污染、河川與水源污染、噪音污染、垃圾及廢棄物污染、交通、視野景觀破壞與個人健康影響皆有顯著差異；另在空氣污染、河川與水源污染、視野景觀破壞與個人健康影響四者有較大的落差。（3）居民針對掩埋場的回應行動，主要經由透過民意代表陳情與直接跟政府陳情。採取抗爭行動民眾的動員機制為自救會發起與主動參加；採取抗爭行動之居民，在性別、年齡、居住時間與教育程度上有顯著差異，在居住地點與職業上無顯著差異。（4）政府與民眾的溝通機制僅一半民眾清楚或參加過公聽會，民眾普遍不滿足當前的補償機制，且支持用公民投票方式來決定設置與否。 本研究建議應從回饋機制的改善、民眾參與的加強與減緩民眾健康的擔憂等三方面著手改善當地居民之識覺意象。

The waste facility, though might bring negative impact to its neighboring areas, is a necessity to the modern society. The location decision of the waste facility is an important issue to investigate. The conflict of the establishment of waste disposal facilities and their neighboring residents becomes one of the focal issues that the industries, governments and research communities pay attention to. The study is an attempt to tackle with siting problem of public waste facilities through analyzing the environmental perception of local community residents. From the “Man-Land Tradition” viewpoint, the study investigates the attitudes of the residents toward the establishment of the waste disposal facilities adjacent to their communities, and how they react and adjust to those facilities. This study takes two communities of “Long-De” and “Ding-Liao” in Suao, I-Lan as cases to examine the impacts of Su-ao Landfill on their environments. Base on the approach of behavioral geography and environmental perception, the methodology of this study uses questionnaires survey to analyze the environmental perception and responses of local community residents on the NIMBY effects. Our results are as followed. (1) The major elements of the perception for the local residents towards the local landfill sites, using the principal component analysis, are 'compensation and social relations', “spatial allocation,” “negative impact,” “social justice' and “decision-making mechanism.”While the “health”, “compensation,” and “mechanism of decision” are of significant correlation in Pearson’s test. (2) As in the aspect of environmental impact, the local residents found significant differences in air/river/water sources pollution, traffic, vision degradation, and personal health. Among those air pollution, river/water sources pollution, visual degradation and personal health had a greater gap. (3) The residents near the landfill sites appealed to the governments either by their representatives or directly by themselves. The protestors are consisted of the local self-help groups and individual local residents. We found the protestors are significantly different in gender, age, and education levels, while not significant in residence and occupation. (4) As for the communication between and the Government, only half of the residents were aware of or attended the public hearing. Most of the residents are not satisfied with the compensation and support the referendum on the landfill site decisions. To improve the perception of the local residents, this study suggests the emphasis on the compensation mechanism improvement, public participation, and mitigation of public health concerns.