國際物流公司關鍵成功因素及持續競爭優勢之研究

Abstract

中文摘要 國際物流企業相對國內本土物流業者來說，擁有豐富的人才、組織管理、資訊、全球網絡、營運能力與經驗。本研究以全球主要整合型及利基型物流服務業者UPS、DHL、DB Schenker、Expeditors、Nippon Express、Morrison Express 為研究對象，透過次級資料蒐集瞭解各公司的物流業務特性與衍生的整合性物流服務的內容，並研究其關鍵成功因素與併購歷程，再藉由與學者、業者的訪談，比較分析國際物流業者的關鍵成功因素及持續競爭優勢，並以實務經驗闡述個案公司策略的形成，最後歸納主要標竿國際物流業者於經營國際物流之關鍵成功因素、持續競爭優勢、及未來發展目標，並提出實務上結論與建議。 研究結果發現，國際物流業者，尤其是整合型物流業者，如DHL、UPS、DB Schenker等，具備雄厚的財務能力與豐沛的現金流量，加上全球營運規模上具有一定的實力，在進行策略聯盟或者併購同業上可以享有相對優勢。本研究歸納主要關鍵成功因素集中在「持續的產品服務創新、資訊科技的投入、善於利用併購與結盟策略、具優勢的產品線廣度、雄厚的財務能力、在地國優勢」，而持續競爭優勢則隨各家核心競爭力不同有所異同；同時本研究也觀察到物流產業趨勢的改變，包括「環保意識抬頭，綠色物流興起、整合型物流與利基型物流業者的藩籬慢慢消失、母國及在地國優勢逐漸產生消長」等，這些趨勢上的改變很有可能會影響或改變企業的持續競爭優勢。

Abstract When compared to our country's logistics industry operators, international logistics enterprises appear to have several advantages. That they have abundant talent, good organizational management, access to information, in-place global networks, operational ability and experience there is no doubt. My research makes a comparative study of the main logistics service providers including both integrated service providers and niche logistics service providers. I will draw on the experiences of UPS, DHL, DB Schenker, Expeditors, Nippon Express, and Morrison Express—and the challenges and opportunities faced by each. Through research, we can understand the nature of the logistics business and the ever-evolving role of major logistics service providers. Equally importantly, we can study both the key success factors and sustainable competitive advantages. The research is carried out through secondary data analysis. These data are then compared with expert opinion, considering the input of scholars and company executives. Findings are applied to an analysis of the sustainable competitive advantages of logistics service providers. In addition, our research attempts to address the formation of corporate strategy in the light of practical experience. Finally, the research will sum up with projections of future industry development and hopefully provide useful suggestions and counsel.

The results of the study indicate that international logistics service providers, especially integrated ones like DHL, UPS, and DB Schenker, possess credible financial ability and abundant cash flow. In addition, integrated logistics service providers have rolled out certain enhanced capabilities on the global operation scale. Consequently, they can enjoy a comparative advantage in carrying on strategic alliances or merging in the same trade. This research sums up the most significant factors that enhance productivity by innovation of service or products, utilization of mergers and alliances, continuous investment in information technology, product line broadness, financial advantage, and host country advantage. In addition, the research often found that the sustainability will vary, to some extent, with core competencies . At the same time, the research recognized the major changes within the logistics industry, such as the new emphasis on environmental consciousness and “green logistics”, the fact differences in the operation of integrated logistics providers and niche logistics service providers have become less pronounced, and the change between home country advantage and host country advantage. The above-mentioned trends will have a major influence on the sustainability of the competitive advantage of enterprises.