請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/42732
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 陳正平 | |
dc.contributor.author | Li-Wei Kuo | en |
dc.contributor.author | 郭力維 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T01:21:13Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2009-07-29 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2009-07-29 | |
dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2009-07-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 范惠菱, 1999: 氣懸粒子核化過程之數值模擬, 台灣大學大氣科學系碩士論文
黃公度, 2005: 引擎排放對氣膠粒徑譜之影響, 台灣大學大氣科學系碩士論文 蘇金佳, 1988: 內燃機, 東華書局, 388 Burtscher, H., 1992: Tutorial/Review. Measurement and characteristics of combustion aerosols with special consideration of photoelectric charging and charging by flame ions, J. Aerosol Sci., 23, 549-595 Chen, J.-P., 1994: Theory of Deliquescence and Modified Köhler Curves, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3505-3516. Chen, J.-P., 1999: Particle nucleation by recondensation in combustion exhausts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2403-2406. Chen, J.-P. and Lamb, D., 1994: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical process using a multicomponent framework. Part I: Description of the microphysical model, J. Atoms. Sci., 51, 2613-2630. Chow, J.-C., 1995: Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 320-382. Dockery, D.-W., Pope III,A., Xu, X., Spengler, J.-D., Ware, J.-H., Fay, M.-E., Ferris, Jr.-B.-G. and Speizer, F.-E., 1993: An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities, J. Medicine, 329, 1753-1759 Harrison, R.-M., 1996: Airborne particulate matter in the united kingdom, third report of the quality of urban air review group, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, English. Hinds, W.-C., 1982: Aerosol Technology. John Wiley, New York. ICRP Task Group Model, 1984, Ann. Am. Conf. Ind. Hyg. 11. Kerker, M., 1969: The Scattering of Light and other Electromagnetic Radiation. Academic Press, New York. Kittelson, D.-B., 1998: Engines and nanoparticles: a review, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 575-588. Kittelson, D.-B., Kadue, P.-A., Scherrer, H.-C. and Lovrien, R., 1988: Characterization of diesel particles in the atmosphere. Final Reprot, Coordinating Research Council. Loepfe, M., Brutscher, H. and Siegmann, H.-C., 1992: Real time monitoring of thermo-desorption of surface adsorbed aromatic hydrocarbons. Proc. SASP 92, Symposium on Atomic and Surface Physics, Pampeago, Italy, 19-25 January 1992, pp. 3.109-3.112. Mäkelä et al.,1997: Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest, Geophys. Res. Letters, 24, 1219-1222. Pope III, C.-A., Thun, M.-J., Namboodiri, M.-M., Dockery, D.-W., Evans, J.-S., Speizer, F.-E., and Heath ,Jr.-C.-W., 1995: Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 151, 669-674 Raber, L.-R., 1997: EPA’s air standards, Chem. and Engr. News, April 14 1997, 10-18 Rickeard, D.-J., Bateman, J.-R., Kwon, Y.-K., McAughey, J.-J and Dickens, C.-J., 1996: Exhaust particulate size distribution: vehicle and fuel influences in light duty vehicle. SAE paper No. 961980. Rivin, D. and Medulia, A.-I., 1983: A comparative study of soot and carbon black. In Soot in Combustion Systems and its Toxic Properties (Edited by Lahaye, J. and Prado, G.), pp 26-36. Plenum Press, New York. Schauer, J.-J., Rogge, W.-F., Hildemann, L.-M., Mazurek, M.-A., Cass, G.-R. and Simoneit ,B.-R.-T., 1996: Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers, Atm. Environ., 30, 3837-3855 Scherrer, H.-C. and Kittelson, D.-B., 1982: Light absorption cross section of diesel particles. SAE Paper No.810181, 1981 Transactions of SAE. Steiner, D., Burtscher, H. and Gross, H., 1992: Structure and disposition of particles from a spark ignition engine, Atoms. Envir., 26A, 997-1003. Seinfeld, J.-H. and Pandis, S.-N., 1998: Atmospheric chemistry and physics (From air pollution to climate change), Wiley interscience, 1 - 1326 Tobias, H.-J., Beving, D.-E., Ziemann, P.-J., Sakurai, H., Zuk, M., Mcmurry, P.-H., Zarling, D., Waytulonis, R. and Kittelson, D.-B., 2001: Chemical analysis of diesel engine nanoparticles using a nano-DMA/Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2233-2243 Twomey, S.-A., 1977: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152. Whityb, K.-T. 1978: The physical characteristics of sulfur aesosols, Atmos. Environ., 12, 135-159. Yu, F. 2001: Chemiions and nanoparticle formation in diesel engine exhaust, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 4191-4194 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/42732 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 此研究根據Chen (1999)提出的「再凝結核化機制」假說,進一步探討引擎燃燒過程產生將空氣中既有氣膠粒子轉換為更多較小新粒子的過程。此過程中,氣懸粒子的數量濃度增加,但在質量濃度上並沒有增加。本研究嘗試同時以實驗與數值模式相互檢驗,測出引擎燃燒過程對氣懸粒子數量濃度和粒徑譜的影響,求得定量的關係。
實驗的部分延續並改進黃 (2005)利用機車引擎燃燒實測,分析進氣氣體之粒子濃度(Ni)與燃燒所產生之粒子濃度(No)間的關係。實驗結果顯示,隨著Ni增加,No亦增加,但部分實驗顯示當Ni達約2*10^4 #/cm^3時,No增加的趨勢減緩甚至下降,顯示其過程並非是簡單的蒸發、凝結核化而已,推測可能牽涉到粒子是否完全蒸發以及核化所需相對濕度與相對酸度之供給量問題,這部分進一步以數值模擬來探討相關機制。 數值模擬結果顯示,雖然Ni愈高,蒸發產生愈大量的酸氣及可凝結氣體,進而有愈高的核化速率,但當Ni太高時,反而會提早在比較高溫且相對濕度較低的情況下就開始核化,反而會降低了核化速率。此外,當Ni太多時,雖然會提供較多的酸氣,但殘留下未蒸發的氣懸粒子也會增多,而酸氣及水氣會吸附在殘留的粒子上,降低核化。殘留的粒子太多時,也會加快粒子間碰撞的速率而降低數量濃度,所以No隨著Ni的增加會有一個高峰值。目前由實驗及數值模擬的結果顯示,兩者間有著相似的趨勢。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study intend to verify the mechanism of “nucleation by re-condensation” proposed by Chen (1999), which hypothesize that engine combustion tend to convert existing ambient aerosol particles into more numerous and smaller particles without affecting the total aerosol mass. Both experimental and numerical studies are conducted in this research to prove this hypothesis.
The laboratory experiment follows the procedure of Huang(2005) but with improvements that allow more quantitative analysis of the processes. Huang(2005) proved the aerosol number concentration is increased after a motor engine combustion. The results show that the output number concentration (No) in the exhaust air generally increases with increasing input number concentration (Ni) in the intake air, except in a few occasions, when Ni is roughly greater than 2*104 #/cm3, No becomes less. This implies that the nucleation by re-condensation process involves not simply evaporation and nucleation but also the amount of residual particles and timing of nucleation, which depends on the supply of relative acidity and relative humidity Numerical simulation of aerosol evolution is designed to analyze the details of these mechanisms. Simulation results show that, when Ni increases, there is more condensable acid vapor available, this generally leading to higher nucleation rates. However, as more acid vapor is available, the nucleation would start early at which time the air temperature is higher thus the relative humidity is lower. At some point the lower relative humidity produces a lower nucleation rate. Therefore, when the Ni is too high, the nucleation rate actually decreases. In addition, as Ni increases, the number of residual particles may also increase The residual particles would absorb the acid vapor thus decrease the nucleation rate, as well as collect the newly formed particles, both cause the total number concentration to decrease. So, the relation between Ni and the maximum No is not linear, and there exist an optimal Ni that produces the highest No. Some of the observation results also reveal such features. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T01:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-98-R96229002-1.pdf: 1648755 bytes, checksum: f0937cd26c9b83ce33fa603904593f0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 誌謝……………………………………………………………………i
中文摘要………………………………………………………………ii 英文摘要………………………………………………………………iii 目錄……………………………………………………………………v 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vii 表目錄…………………………………………………………………xi 第一章 前言………………………………………………………1 第二章 機車廢氣實驗……………………………………………6 2.1實驗儀器簡介…………………………………………………6 2.1.1 氣懸粒子產生器…………………………………………6 2.1.2 氣懸粒子徑譜儀…………………………………………6 2.2實驗I……………………………………………………………7 2.2.1 實驗設計…………………………………………………7 2.2.2 實驗結果與討論…………………………………………9 2.3實驗II…………………………………………………………11 2.3.1 實驗設計…………………………………………………11 2.3.2 實驗結果與討論…………………………………………11 2.4 實驗I & 實驗II結果討論……………………………………12 第三章 機車廢氣數值模擬………………………………………14 3.1 模式架構………………………………………………………14 3.1.1 雙組份核化模組…………………………………………14 3.1.2 數值架構…………………………………………………14 3.1.3撞併過程…………………………………………………15 3.2 模擬I…………………………………………………………15 3.2.1 實驗設計…………………………………………………15 3.2.2 模擬結果與討論…………………………………………16 3.3 模擬 II………………………………………………………18 3.3.1 實驗設計…………………………………………………18 3.3.2 模擬結果與討論…………………………………………18 3.4 模擬I & 模擬II結果討論……………………………………20 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………22 4.1 實驗部分……………………………………………………22 4.2 數值模擬部分………………………………………………23 4.3 討論與應用…………………………………………………24 第五章 結論………………………………………………………25 參考文獻……………………………………………………………27 附圖…………………………………………………………………30 附表…………………………………………………………………68 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 再凝結核化機制的實驗與數值模擬 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mechanism of Nucleation by Re-condensation | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 97-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 洪惠敏,郭鴻基,劉紹臣,周崇光 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 氣懸粒子,數量濃度, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | aerosol,number concentration, | en |
dc.relation.page | 68 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2009-07-27 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 大氣科學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-98-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 1.61 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。