止攝開口齒音字今讀舌尖元音之歷史演變

Abstract

現代漢語中舌尖元音為一種非常特殊的元音。而由於現代漢語中韻母讀為舌尖元音的字，其語音變化乃起始於止攝字，故在舌尖元音眾多的中古來源中，止攝來源字特別值得一提。 本文旨在探討止攝開口齒音字現今讀為舌尖元音的歷史演變。為此，本文先以實驗語音學的方法證實現代漢語舌尖元音的音值與央元音相當接近，從而引述學者對舌尖元音產生時期的論述以作為背景。接著，利用現代漢語方言、近代韻書及韓國漢字音材料，探討止攝開口齒音聲母字現今讀為舌尖元音的歷史演變過程。得出來的結果如下： 一、 止攝開口齒音字以「精」─「莊」─「章」─「知」系的順序發生變化。 二、 其音值變化過程應為：[-i] → [- i] → [- ] → [- ]、[- ] 。 此外，本論文也針對韓國漢字音的層次問題進行初步分析，以止攝開口齒音字為範疇，希冀以此為出發點，進而開啟後續更廣且更深入之研究。

Apical vowels in Modern Chinese are a particularly special kind of vowels. Although in Modern Chinese these vowels came from various sounds in Middle Chinese, such a change originated in the Zhi rhyme group. Therefore the Zhi group deserves our special attention. In this Thesis we explored the historical sound change into apical vowels of the characters pronounced with dental affricates and fricatives that belonged to the unrounded rime of the Zhi group. For this purpose, as a first step we made use of the methodology of experimental phonetics to verify that the phonetic value of Modern Chinese apical vowels is significantly close to that of [)]. We also extensively reviewed previous studies in the subject of apical vowels as a background for the present thesis. Finally, we used Modern Chinese dialects, pre-Modern rhyme books, as well as materials containing Sino-Korean to inquire about the historical sound change into apical vowels of the characters with dental affricates and fricatives that belonged to the unrounded rime of the Zhi group. These are some of the conclusions: (1) The historical sound change into apical vowels of the characters with dental affricates and fricatives the belonged to the unrounded rime of the Zhi group followed a specific order, starting with words with jing (精), followed by zhuang (莊), zhang (章), and finally zhi (知) initial consonats. (2) The process of sound change of its phonetic was [-i] →[- i] → [- ] → [- ]、[- ] . In addition, this thesis also analyzed the issues of Sino-Korean pronunciation strata. This field is still in its initial stages of development. The category of the apical vowels of the characters with dental affricates and fricatives that belonged to the unrounded rhyme of the Zhi group was taken as a starting point for future research on this topic.