火鶴花切花貯運後花莖頸部彎曲現象之改善與預措處理對瓶插壽命之影響

Abstract

火鶴花 (Anthrium andraeanum Lindl.) 為臺灣重要的外銷切花，以日本為主要的外銷市場。本試驗針對火鶴花在經過貯運後所遭遇到的問題，尋求改善的方法。這些問題包括火鶴花以水平方式貯運6天以上易造成肉穗花序與花莖相接處之花莖頸部 (花頸) 向上彎曲，有時會達40~45度，影響外觀品質；而未適當處理的切花經長時間貯運後瓶插壽命會有逐漸縮短之問題。 在改善花頸彎曲的研究方面，將 ‘Tropical’ 火鶴花切花以影響重力向性之相關藥劑氯化鈣 (CaCl2)、吲哚乙酸 (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) 及乙二醇雙 (2-氨乙基醚) 四乙酸 [ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid, EGTA] 塗抹於佛焰苞懸空水平放置的花頸上側，結果所有處理皆無改變火鶴花頸彎曲之效果。以10 ppm苄〔基〕腺嘌呤 (Benzyladenine, BA) 及10 ppm激勃素4+7 (Gibberellin A4+7, GA4+7) + BA 等植物生長調節物質噴施處理花朵，經水平置放於20℃模擬貯運6天後，於室溫瓶插至第3~4天，可使花頸角度回復至正常之0度，而對照組仍為13度；但以BA處理會造成佛焰苞綠化較嚴重。採收後以1 % 蔗糖預措配合30 ppm GA4+7 + BA噴施處理，經平放於20℃模擬貯運10天，瓶插6天後花頸角度可回復至5度以下。以BA及GA4+7 + BA噴施處理皆可顯著延長模擬貯運6天及10天後之瓶插壽命約6天以上。 在預措處理方面，以20~100 ppm 離層酸 (Abscisic acid, ABA) 及水楊酸 (Salicylic acid, SA) 預措1、2、6、12小時；以1~5 % 蔗糖及葡萄糖預措2、6、12小時；以100~10000 ppm海藻糖 (Trehalose) 預措1~12小時皆無法延長切花在20℃模擬貯運6天後的瓶插壽命。以20 ppm SA處理 2~12小時反而降低切花的瓶插壽命3~4天。採後立即以1 % 蔗糖、葡萄糖及海藻糖、0.1 mM 硫代硫酸銀 (Silver thiosulfate, STS) 及100 ppm 檸檬酸 (Citric acid) 預措，貯運6天後瓶插壽命為8~9天，與對照組無顯著差異。顯示這些藥劑用於火鶴花切花貯運前預措，對切花瓶插壽命並無改善之效果。

Anthurium (Anthrium andraeanum Lindl.) is an important cut flower for export in Taiwan with Japan as its major market. During the process of export, the anthurium cut flowers were packed in commercial package and shipped horizontally for more than 6 days. This handling process usually resulted in upward bending of stem neck, the junction between spadix and the flower stalk, from 0 degree to 40~45 degrees; thus reduced the overall quality of the cut flower. Without proper handling after harvest, the vase life of anthurium cut flowers would gradually reduced after prolonged shipment. This study investigated the cause of upward bending of stem neck and treatments to alleviate this phenomenon, and the application of various chemicals in pulsing treatment on the post-shipment vase life of anthurium cut flower. Smearing the upper side of the junction of stem neck of ‘Tropical’ anthurium cut flower held horizontally with CaCl2, IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and EGTA (Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), all of which are gravity-related chemicals, did not alter the bending angle very much. The angle of stem neck of ‘Tropical’ anthurium cut flowers that were sprayed with 10 ppm BA (Benzyladenine) or 10 ppm GA4+7 (Gibberellin A4+7) + BA then packed in commercial package and stored at 20℃ for 6 days, changed gradually to 0 degree when held in vase within 3~4 days at 25℃ after storage. However, severe green spot appeared on the spathe in BA-treated flower. The angle of stem neck of flowers pulsed with 1 % sucrose after harvest then sprayed with 30 ppm GA4+7 + BA and then packed and stored at 20℃ for 10 days, returned to less than 5 degree when held in vase within 6 days at 25℃ after storage. Both BA and GA4+7 + BA treatments extended the vase life of the flower by 6 days as compared with the control, after the flowers were stored for 6 and 10 days. Pulsing ‘Tropical’ anthurium cut flower with the following chemicals: 20~100 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) for 1、2、6、12 hours, 1~5 % sucrose and glucose for 2、6、12 hours, 100~10000 ppm trehalose for 1~12 hours, couldn’t extend the vase life of the flower after 3 days of storage at 20℃. Pulsing treatments with 20 ppm SA for 2~12 hours even reduced the vase life by 3~4 days. Pulsing treatments immediately after harvest were also ineffective. No improvement in vase life were observed in flowers pulsed with 1% sucrose、glucose and trehalose, 0.1 mM silver thiosulfate (STS) and 100 ppm citric acid immediately after harvest for 3 hours then packed in commercial package and stored at 20℃ for 6 days. All these chemicals studied in this experiment as pulsing agents were ineffective in improving the vase life of ‘Tropical’ anthurium cut flower after simulated shipment.