一般信任與信任及合作行為的關連－社會智商之展現

Abstract

信任是多數文化中所強調的一種美德，也是在許多學科中受到重視的研究議題之一。Yamagishi（2001）指出，信任此一概念雖然根基於社會不確定性上，但仍應進一步定義為一種信念而非特殊情境下的行動，並且可以在不同的層次下被加以研究。因此，當信任作為一種特質時，高信任者可能在大部分的情況下願意信任陌生他人，而低信任者則採取不信任以及敵對的態度（Rotter, 1967）。可見這種信任的個體差異，會表現在個體對於他人的印象形成上（Schlenker, Helm, & Tedeschi, 1973），並且影響我們在不同情境中的人際行為。而本文的研究目的，即在於不同一般信任者在信任與合作情境中的行為表現，並且進一步探討信任與社會智商間的關係。在研究一中，我們使用實地研究資料，除了收集個體在團體中的他評指標外，且編製了人際彈性量表並檢視一般信任與人際彈性間的關係，以驗證高低一般信任者在人際管理能力上的差異。另外，本研究也編製了兩種不同的情境故事，以測量高低一般信任者在高風險情境中對於「他人可信任線索」的敏感性，以及其在低風險情境中的合作策略差異。接著在研究二中，我們發展出跨國間信任遊戲以進行實驗研究，並測量研究參與者在面對不同團體對象時的信任行為與合作行為差異。本研究預期，高一般信任者應對於可信任線索較為敏感，並且採用擴張式的合作策略，因此得以發展出良好的社會智商。反之，低一般信任者對於他人可信任線索較不敏感，且其合作行為往往侷限於較狹小的關係中，因此較難發展出良好的社會智商。

Trust, a virtue in most cultures, is one of the most important research issues in many disciplines. Yamagishi (2001) considered that although trust is a concept based on social uncertainties, we should define it as a belief that could be studied under different levels rather than an action exhibited in a specific situation. Thus, if we regard trust as a trait, high trusters are more willing to trust strangers but low trusters are not (Rotter, 1967). It seems that the individual differences of trust could be revealed by the impressions we made on others and would influence our behaviors in different contexts(Schlenker, Helm, & Tedeschi, 1973). The present study investigates the behaviors of people with different levels of general trust in trust and cooperative situations; moreover, explores the relations between general trust and social intelligence. In study one, we did a field study to inspect the relationship between interpersonal flexibility and general trust, group members’ appreciations on them, and the differences of interpersonal relationship management abilities between them. In addition, we composed two stories with different contexts to measure the sensitivities to『other's trustworthiness cues』of high and low trusters and investigate the strategies they adopted in different situations. In study two, we use 『trust games』to survey the diversities between trust behaviors and cooperative behaviors that the subjects expressed when they contacted with people of different groups. We found that people with high general trust are more sensitive to trustworthiness cues and are willing to adopt an expanding cooperation strategy, leading them to develop better social intelligence. On the contrary, low general trusters are not sensitive to trustworthiness cues and their cooperative behaviors are restrict to specific group; therefore, it is difficult for them to develop good social intelligence.