台灣之銀行經營效率與金控公司關係之研究

Abstract

本文透過資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis method；DEA)及麥氏生產力指數（Malmquist productivity index；MPI），分別算出經營效率及跨期成長率，以評估我國上市(櫃)12家金融控股公司旗下子銀行於加入金控前與加入金控後之經營效率。以1997年至2007年為研究期間，選取投入項變數為股本、營業費用、客戶存款；產出項變數為營業淨收入、稅前淨利、總資產。藉此，進一步分析，包括整體效率分析、純粹技術效率分析、規模效率分析、差額變數分析及麥氏生產力指數分析，進行實證研究分析。 本研究結果顯示如下： 1、 華南銀行、中華開發工銀、兆豐銀行於研究期間，每年皆達整體效率，不因加入金控有所改變；加入金控後整體效率變好的為台新銀行，變差的為台北富邦銀行、國泰世華銀行。 2、 各銀行大部份未達整體效率絕大多數皆為規模無效率造成。 3、 由整體金控子銀行來看，未達規模效率者，以規模報酬遞增家數較多，顯示國內銀行仍以規模過小居多，而其在加入金控後，在資源分配上，仍無法達到交互使用、交叉行銷、降低經營成本，才會使營運規模無法提升。 4、 大部分銀行在加入金控後，總生產力皆有提升，而在加入金控以前平均總生產力皆呈現衰退情況。 5、 在麥氏生產力指數衡量下，發現造成總生產力變動有很大一部分來自技術變動，因此，一般而言，技術的進步對銀行總生產力成長的貢獻較效率改善為多。

This study adopte Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to evaluate 12 over-the-counter financial holding companies operational efficiency and cross-period growth rate of branch bank of after joining financial holding companies in Taiwan. The input variables cover capital stock, operational fees, customers’ deposits and output variables include volume of sale, total assests and net profit during the period 1997 to 2007. In this study, five efficieny indexes are measured that include global efficiency analysis, pure technique efficiency analysis, scale efficiency analysis, slack variable analysis, and Malmquist index analysis. The major results of this study cover: 1. Three banks, Hua Nan bank, China Development Industrial bank, and Mega International Commercial bank all attain global efficiency and did’t impact their efficiency every year after joining financial holding companies. However, Taishin bank has significant improvement and Fubon bank and the Cathay United bank have a worse outcome after joining financial holding companies. 2. The bank don’t attain the global efficiency is because of their lack of scale unefficiency. 3. The branch bank don’t attain the scale efficiency, largely fall into increasing return to scale which meant that the domestic bank on a scale is still small and can not utilize cross marketing to reduces their operation cost in resource distribution. 4. Numerous branch banks had significant increase total factor productivity after joining financial holding companies, but a significant decrease in their average total factor productivity before joining financial holding companies. 5. Under Malmquist productivity index, we found that a large part of change of total factor productivity arose from the technical change. Therefore, the technical progress can significantly contribute to growth to the total factor productivity of branch banks.