台灣稻米政策對稻農經營規模之影響

Abstract

稻米產業在台灣農業扮演著相當重要的角色，然台灣農業係以小農經營為經營主體，農戶數眾多、經營規模偏小，每一農家平均可耕地面積不到1公頃，無法確實發揮規模經濟之效，而過去農政單位對於稻米產業提出並實行許多有關產業結構調整政策，有必要針對政策實施對經營規模之效果作一詳細檢視。本研究主要目的在於利用1995、2000及2005年三次農業普查資料，暸解全國及主要產區之稻米產業經營規模之分配，進一步分析經營規模分配之不均度，並比較及分析台灣稻米政策對全國稻米產業及各主要產區經營規模分配造成之影響及淨社會福利效果之變動。 研究結果顯示，全國各主要產區之平均經營面積偏小，平均銷售金額及平均單位面積銷售金額均偏低。在稻米政策對全國及主要產區經營規模分配之影響，花東縱谷區之平均單位面積銷售金額整體上較全國及嘉南平原區為低，但2000-2005年大幅上升約36.43%，而全國及嘉南平原區均為下滑的趨勢，產生此差異的現象可能是由於近年花東縱谷區積極推動良質米及有機米之成效，以提高品質來提升國產米之競爭力，進而增加稻農利潤。在淨社會福利效果之變動方面，花東縱谷區2000-2005年雖然在經營面積、銷售金額及單位面積銷售金額分配均呈現不均度增加之現象，但淨社會福利效果卻是明顯上升的，與全國及嘉南平原區之情形迥異。

Rice industry plays an important role in Taiwanese agriculture. However, the majority of crop farm business operates at small scale in Taiwan. Average cultivated land area of each farm household is less than 1 ha, so it is hard to reach the effect of scale economy. For a long time, the government has carried out many rice policies about structure adjustment. For this reason, it is necessary to check the effect of operative scale in detail.The purpose of this research is to figure out the distribution of rice farmer’s operative scales by using Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Husbandry Census of 1995, 2000 and 2005, to calculate the inequality of the distribution and to analyze how Taiwan’s rice policy affect the whole rice industry, the main production area and the change of social welfare. The results are as follows: the average operating area of main production area is obviously small and both the average sales and the average sales per area are low. Although an average sale per area of East Rift Valley is lower than the whole industry and Chianan Plain, it increases about 36.43% in 2000-2005. In contrast, the whole industry and Chianan Plain have a tendency getting lower. The difference could be caused by promoting high quality rice and organic rice in East Rift Valley. At last, unlike whole country and Chianan Plain, the inequality of the distribution of operative scale is increased in East Rift Valley, but the effect of social welfare is apparently higher.