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標題: | 使用超過濾及漆酶聚合淨化酚類及漿紙廠廢水 Enhanced Removal of Phenols and Pulp and Paper Wastewater by Ultrafiltration and Laccase Polymerization |
作者: | Szu-Hsien Wu 吳思嫻 |
指導教授: | 柯淳涵(Chun-Han Ko) |
關鍵字: | 漆酶,薄膜處理程序,製漿造紙廢水,酚類,凝膠色譜分析, laccase,membrane treatment process,pulp and paper wastewater,phenols,gel permeation chromatography, |
出版年 : | 2008 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 製漿造紙業為主要民生工業之一,然而所產生的廢水有機物中木質素基團含量豐富,不易以傳統方式完全去除。漆酶為一種蛋白質,其中心結構含有銅原子,以形成自由基之方式促成酚類物質的高分子化,可使廢水中之酚類物質聚合。薄膜處理程序是以壓力驅動方式,使溶液通過孔徑大小不同之薄膜,而分離水中的物質。薄膜以孔徑大小及其所能阻隔之分子量,可區分為:微過濾(MF)、超過濾(UF)、奈濾(NF)以及逆滲透(RO)等四種方式。
本研究選用Guaiacol、Catechol與Cresol三種酚類物質與漿紙廠中原廢水、一級放流水以及二級放流水。以漆酶活性 2.98 IU/L,在常溫下與酚類和廢水作用,再使用凝膠色譜分析(GPC) 檢測其分子量變化。經過一小時後,Guaiacol 分子量可聚合至9600,Cresol分子量聚合至5400,Catechol則聚合至8350。原廢水、一級放流水與二級放流水可分別自平均分子量540.81、310.53與225.78聚合至4624.08、986.02與487.76。無論是不同酚類或各種廢水,一小時後分子量並無明顯增加。 本研究將三種酚類與廢水分別與活性 2.98 IU/L漆酶作用,再以分子量阻隔(MWCO)為54,000 Da、30,000 Da、10,000 Da、5,000 Da與300 Da之超過濾/納濾薄膜進行掃流式過濾,並同時觀查流速變化。因酚類與廢水之聚合物在薄膜上形成膠層而使流速降低。流速減緩情形,依據不同薄膜孔徑大小亦有所不同。未經反應之Guaiacol 的去除率為36%至48%,經過漆酶聚合180 分鐘後,去除率達54%至68%;Catechol的化學需氧量去除率由32%至48%提升至50%至65%;Cresol的化學需氧量去除率由21%至35%提升至48%至62%。 製漿造紙廢水方面,漆酶聚合處理可將原廢水的化學需氧量去除率,由40%至50%提升至53%至63%;一級放流水的化學需氧量去除率由34%至47%提升至52%至68%;二級放流水的化學需氧量去除率由34%至45%提升至52%至68%。薄膜孔徑越小,則漆酶提升製漿造紙廢水化學需氧量去除率的效應越佳。 The pulp and paper industry is one of the prime consumer product industries. However, organics in its wastewater, containing lignin-related functional groups, is difficult to be completely removed by conventional methods. Laccase is a copper-centered protein. It could polymerize phenols by free radical formation. It could also promote polymerization of phenols in wastewater. Membrane treatment processes are pressure-driven. It could drive solution through membranes with different pore sizes and separate solutes in water. Membrane processes are categorized by their pore sizes and molecular cutoffs as the following: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). This research employed three kinds of phenols (Guaiacol, Catechol and Cresol) as well as pulp and paper raw, primary and secondary wastewaters. Under room temperature, phenol solutions and wastewaters reacted with 2.98IU/L laccase. Then gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was then employed to analyze the changes of molecular weights. After an hour, molecular weights of guaiacol, cresol and catechol solutions were increased to 9600, 5400 and 8350. Averaged molecular weights of raw, primary and secondary wastewaters were polymerized from 540.81, 310.53 and 225.78 to 4624.08, 986.02 and 487.76, respectively. After more than an hour, the molecular weights of phenol solutions and wastewaters did not exhibit significant increases. At this study, phenols and wastewater, after reacted with 2.98 IU/L laccase, were cross-flow filtered by MWCO 54,000 Da, 30,000 Da, 10,000 Da, 5,000 Da and 300 Da UF/NF membranes. Flux variations were monitored simultaneously. The fluxes decreased due to gel layer formation by polymerized products. Extents of flux decline depended on the pore sizes of membranes. Without polymerization, the removals of guaiacol has been from 36% to 48%, after laccase polymerization for 180 min, the removals were increased from 54%~68%. The removals of catechol were increased from 32%~48% to 50%~65%; the removals of cresol were increased from 21%~35% to 48%~62%. As for pulp and paper wastewaters polymerized by laccase, the removals COD in raw wastewater were improved from 40% ~50% to 53%~63%; from 34%~47% to 52%~68% for primary wastewater; from 34%~45% to 52%~68% for secondary wastewater. The results demonstrated that the less the molecular weight cutoff pore sizes led the more significant enhancement for pulp and paper wastewater COD removal by laccase polymerization. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/40746 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 森林環境暨資源學系 |
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