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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 駱尚廉(Shang-Lien Lo) | |
dc.contributor.author | Fu-Ling Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳富鈴 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-14T16:58:19Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-08-22 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-08-22 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-08-12 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Akila, R., Stollery, B.T., RiiHimaki, V., 1999. Decrements in cognitive performance in metal inert gas welders exposed to aluminum. Occup Environ Med 56, 632-639.
Alfrey, A.C., 1993. Aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure. Ther Drug Monit 15, 593-597. Amirtharagjah, A., O’Melia, C.R., 1990. Chap 6:Coagulation and Flocculation. Water Quality & treatment. 5th ed., AWWA. Benefield, L.D., Judkins, J.F.J., Weand, B.L., 1982. Process Chemistry for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Preentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Ciffs. Gauthier, E., Fortier, I., Courchesne, F., 2000. Aluminum forms in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Enviro Res 84, 232-246. Jacqmin, H., Commenges, D., Letenneur, L., 1994. Components of drinking water and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 139, 48-57. Jope, R.S., Johnson, G.V., 1992. Neurotoxic effects of dietary aluminum. Aluminum in biology and medicine. Ciba Found Symp 169, 254-267. Knorr, D., 1984. Use of chitosan polymers in foods-a challenge for food research and development. Food Technology 38, 85-97. Lang, E.R., Kienzle-Sterzr, C.A., Rodriquez-Sanchenz, D., Rha, C.K., 1982. Proceedings of the Second International Coference on Chitin and Chitosn. Hirano, S., Tokur, S., Eds. The Japanese Society of Chitin and Chitosan: Japan, 34-38. Letizia, D.S., Andrea M., 2010. Chitin and chitosan as multipurpose natural polymers for groundwater arsenic removal and As2O3 delivery in tumor therapy. Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 1518-1525. Letterman, R.D., Driscoll, C.T., 1988. Survey of residual aluminum in filtered water. J Am Water Works Assoc 80, 154-158. Miller, R.G., Kopfler, F.C., Kelty, K.C., Stober, J.A., et Ulmer, N.S., 1984. The occurrence of aluminum in drinking water. J Am Water Works Assoc 76, 84-91. Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Barontini, G., Rocchetti, R., 1978. Isolation of lysozyme on chitosan. Biotech Bioeng 20, 87-92. O’Melia, C.R., 1972. Coagulation and Flocculation, Chapter 2 in Physicochemical Process for Water Quality Control. W.J. Weber Jr., ed, Wiley Intercience, New York. Rout, D., Verma, R., Agarwal, S.K., 1999. Polyelectrolyte Treatment-An Approach for Water Quality Improvement. Water Science and Technology 40, 137-141. Sawyer, C.N., McCarty, P.L., Parkin, G.F., 1994. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York 4th ed. Strong, M.J., Garruto, R.M., Joshi, J.G., 1996. Can the mechanisms of aluminum neurotoxicity be integrated into a unified scheme. J Toxicol Environ Health 48, 599-613. Terada, K., 1990. Preconcentration of tracw-metals with dithiocarbamate-chitin. Analytical Science 6, 747-751. Wettstein , A., Aeppli, J., Gautschi, K., 1991. Failure to find a relationship between mnestic skills of octogenarians and aluminum in drinking water. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 63, 97-103. Wood, D.J., Cooper, C., Stevens, J., 1988. Bone mass and dementia in hip fracture patients from areas with different aluminum concentrations in water supplies. Ageing 17, 415-419. World Health Organization (WHO), 1997. Aluminum. Environ Health Criteria 194, 1-152. 洪旭文, 林紹凱, 2010. 水公司各淨水場清、配水含鋁量分析及最適化處理之研究. 臺灣自來水公司研究報告. 張煜欣, 2008. 含幾丁聚醣吸附劑的製備與特性研究:重金屬移除. 國立交通大學博士論文. 陳俞蓁, 2002. 混凝對表面水濁度之研究. 國立成功大學碩士論文. 黃永富, 2010. 高分子凝聚劑處理淨水場高濁度原水成效研究. 國立中央大學碩士論文. 黃志彬, 2005. 混凝劑鋁型態對高濁度度原水混凝行為之影響. 高濁度原水處理技術及應變對策研討會報告. 黃啟峰, 2006. 高分子凝聚劑對藻體混凝之影響及膠羽特性之研究. 國立成功大學碩士論文. 康世芳, 高偉傑, 蔣本基, 張怡怡, 張簡國平, 王根樹, 2010. 我國飲用水水質標準中未列管污染物之調查與管理法規草案研議. 中華民國自來水協會第二十七屆自來水研究發表會論文集. 歐陽嶠暉, 張添晉, 2003. 原水高濁度期間自來水廠放流水標準合理性修訂之研議. 台北自來水事業處研究報告. 駱尚廉, 胡景堯, 張嘉玲, 2009. 公共給水緊急應變管理系統及高濁度原水處理應變技術之建立(1/2). 經濟部水利署研究報告. 駱尚廉, 胡景堯, 張嘉玲, 2010. 公共給水緊急應變管理系統及高濁度原水處理應變技術之建立(2/2). 經濟部水利署研究報告. 薛志宏, 鄭錦澤, 康文賢, 張美惠, 李育輯, 王鴻騰, 2010. 長興及公館淨水場廢水淤泥操作處理改善探討. 台北市政府99年度員工自行研究報告. 行政院環境保護署網站: http://www.epa.gov.tw/. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所網站: http://www.niea.gov.tw/. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/40742 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 面對遽變的氣候、特殊的地形及集水區的過度開發,暴雨產生高達數千至上萬高濁度原水的頻率逐年增加,對於主要以地表水為水源之自來水事業單位而言,提供足量符合規範的安全飲用水成為暴雨期間嚴峻之考驗。鋁鹽混凝劑增加使用將提高污泥產生量,但會造成淨水單元無法負荷,必須採取減量供水或甚至關廠停水的措施;此外亦會增加水中鋁含量而提高健康之風險。故如何提升混凝劑於高濁度原水之處理效能及降低水中鋁含量,為一值得研究之議題。
本研究以實驗室配製之10000 NTU人工原水及梅姬颱風期間直潭淨水場取水口5000 NTU原水為研究對象,以鋁鹽(多元氯化鋁、硫酸鋁)及天然高分子聚合物幾丁聚醣為混凝劑進行酸鹼度、殘餘濁度、污泥體積及溶解鋁之分析,藉以評估不同混凝模式之整體效能。由10000NTU人工原水試驗所得之結果顯示,鋁鹽混凝劑(0.2-60 mg/L as Al)會隨添加劑量增加而提高污泥體積量至60-70 ml/L,並使水中殘留溶解鋁含量超過300μg/L,其中多元氯化鋁混凝劑之濁度去除效果優於硫酸鋁混凝劑。幾丁聚醣隨著添加濃度增加產生的污泥體積量能維持約40 ml/L,並降低水中溶解鋁至小於50 μg/L,濁度去除效果與多元氯化鋁相近。但三者皆無法因增加藥劑量而使水中殘餘濁度將低至小於10 NTU。複合試驗分析10000 NTU人工原水。使用幾丁聚醣搭配固定濃度(0.2 mg/L、0.5 mg/L)鋁鹽之混凝效果良好,於較低添加藥劑量時即可使水中殘餘濁度濁度小於10NTU,並維持不變之污泥體積量及降低水中殘留溶解鋁至約25 μg/L。若改使用鋁鹽搭配固定1 mg/L幾丁聚醣濁度去除效果與單獨使用鋁鹽之結果相似,但所需加藥量相對較低,若持續加藥無法再降低殘餘濁度值,而污泥體積量及殘留溶解鋁亦會隨藥劑量增加而提高,水中溶解鋁之含量約200 μg/L,相較單獨使用鋁鹽為混凝劑時低。取用梅姬颱風期間5000 NTU高濁度原水進行混凝模式試驗,其結果趨勢與人工高濁度原水相似,除因暴雨沖刷產生較易沉降之顆粒,致使所有試驗之濁度去除效果未呈現明顯差異外,污泥產生量與殘留溶解鋁之結果趨勢與10000 NTU人工原水相同。 綜合上述結果可知,以幾丁聚醣搭配少量鋁鹽混凝劑,對於高濁度原水具有良好濁度去除效果,能產生較低且維持不變之污泥產量,於暴雨期間減輕淨水處理單元負荷,增加供水效能;並降低原水中鋁含量,避免其過高而提高致病風險。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Because a rapidly changing climate, special topography and over-exploitation of catchment areas, the frequently high turbidity raw water is caused by heavy rains and increase year by year. Therefore, for water supply units with surface water as their major water source, a supply of sufficient safe drinking water in compliance with provisions has become a severe challenge during storms. The utilization of aluminum salt coagulant currently results in increased sludge output, leading to excessive loads for water purification units and reducing or even cutting-off water supplies. Increased aluminum salt coagulant will increase the aluminum content in water and thus bring more health risks. Hence, it is important to improve the treatment efficiency of coagulants in high turbidity raw water and reduce the aluminum content in water.
In this study, 10000 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) of artificial raw water was prepared in a laboratory and 5000NTU of raw water was sampled from the water intake of Zhitan Water Treatment Plant during Typhoon Maggie, respectively. The aluminum salt (Polyaluminum Chloride, aluminum sulfate) and natural polymer chitosan were used as the coagulants. Experiments with varying operational parametersof pH, residual turbidity, sludge volume and dissolved aluminum analysis were evaluated for the overall effectiveness of different coagulation models.Results from the test with 10000 NTU artificial raw water showed that addition of aluminum salt coagulant would increase the sludge volume to 60-70ml/L and cause the residual dissolved aluminum content in water to exceed 300μg/L. The Polyaluminum Chloride coagulant revealed better turbidity removal performance than the aluminum sulfate coagulant. Sludge volume generated by chitosan could be maintained at about 40 ml/L, and dissolved aluminum in the water could be reduced to less than 50μg/L. Turbidity removal efficiency of chitosan was similar to that of aluminum chlorohydrate. But none of the three could reduce residual water turbidity to less than 10 NTU with increased dosage.When chitosan was combined with fixed-concentration (0.2mg/L, 0.5mg/L) aluminum salt to treat 10000 NTU of artificial raw water, the residual turbidity and residual dissolved turbidity reduced to less than 10 NTU and 25μg/L, respectively, at low additive dosage, while sludge volume unchanged. When aluminum salt was combined with chitosan with a fixed concentration of 1mg/L, the turbidity removal efficiency was similar to that of chitosan alone. However, it only required a relatively low dosage. In addition, sludge volume and residual dissolved aluminum would increase with increased dosage while the content of dissolved aluminum in water was 200 μg/L. This result was lower than that of aluminum salt alone. Test results of the high turbidity raw water coagulation model during a typhoon were agreement with those of artificial high turbidity raw water. Nevertheless, the turbidity removal efficiency did not show significant difference because erosion of heavy rainfall produced particles more likely to settle, resulting in the trend of generated sludge volume and residual dissolved aluminum being the same as that of 10000 NTU artificial raw water. From the above results, it can be concluded that chitosan combined with a small amount of aluminum salt coagulant has good turbidity removal effect on high turbidity raw water. It can produce low sludge output which remains unchanged, thereby reducing the load for water purification and treatment units during storms. Also, increasing water supply efficiency, reducing the aluminum content in raw water and avoiding increased risk of illness caused by excessive aluminum content can be achieved by combination of chitosan and aluminum salt coagulant. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-14T16:58:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-P98541201-1.pdf: 1372350 bytes, checksum: 91d2dc72b3c80c94c89dd8c39e6a1491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 I
誌謝 II 中文摘要 III Abstract IV 總目錄 VI 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章 理論基礎及文獻回顧 3 2.1 濁度原水之來源及其特性 3 2.2 混凝機制與混凝劑特性 12 2.4 鋁的來源、風險及法規 24 第三章 實驗設備及方法 29 3.1 實驗流程規劃 29 3.2 實驗試劑 30 3.3 實驗材料 31 3.4 瓶杯試驗 32 3.5 分析測定方法與設備 35 第四章 結果與討論 38 4.1 幾丁聚醣對高濁度原水混凝試驗分析 38 4.2 多元氯化鋁對高濁度原水混凝試驗分析 40 4.3 硫酸鋁對高濁度原水混凝試驗分析 41 4.4 不同混凝劑對高濁度原水混凝試驗比較分析 43 4.5 複合混凝試驗分析 47 4.6 天然高濁度原水混凝試驗分析 55 4.7 混凝劑成本分析 64 第五章 結論與建議 67 5.1 結論 67 5.2 建議 68 參考文獻 69 附錄一 實驗數據 72 附錄二 公告飲用水水質處理藥劑一覽表 80 附錄三 飲用水水質處理藥劑申請公告作業準則 84 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 以幾丁聚醣及鋁鹽混凝劑處理高濁度原水之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Treatment of extremely high turbid water by chitosan and aluminium salts | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 闕蓓德(Pei-Te Chiueh),胡景堯(Ching-Yao Hu) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 幾丁聚醣,混凝劑,溶解鋁,高濁度原水,污泥, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | chitosan,coagulant,dissolved aluminum,high turbidity raw water,sludge, | en |
dc.relation.page | 85 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-08-12 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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