全球研發中心之建構：以PC伺服器產業至印度設立研發中心為例

Abstract

台灣為PC個人電腦王國，包含主機板、液晶顯視器、鍵盤等，設計生產佔有率世界第一。在設計層次較高的伺服器產業，台灣廠商藉由ODM/OEM的方式與客戶密切的合作，同樣在這領域，佔有重要領導地位。在全球化的競爭中，台灣的研發環境，已經從以往政府招募國際研發大廠至台灣設置研發中心，希望這些國際大廠能轉移技術給台灣合作夥伴，轉變成民間機構必須跨出台灣區域的限制，尋求國際專業的科技人才與貼近市場的需求，而必須在海外設立研發機構。 本研究主要探討研發機構全球化形成的原因，引用學者的理論架構，使用階層分析法(AHP)科學性的工具，利用問卷的方式，請教台灣伺服器產業專家的意見，歸納出伺服器廠商至印度設立研發中心的權重因素。根據專家意見，在投入導向中，業界認為可勝任能力的人力資源(占投入面29.7%)及地區性的成本優勢(占投入面18.1%)最為重要。在輸出面中，接近市場及客戶(占輸出面32.7%)最為重要。在效率面中，降低發展的時間週期(占效率面20.8%)最為重要。在政治/社會文化面中，法律限制(占政治/社會文化面16.5%)及補助條件(占政治/社會文化面15.9%)最為重要。 在這所有五個構面中，產業最重視效率導向，約佔40%，其次是投入導向，約佔22%、第三是政治/社會文化，約佔16%。第四是外部面，約佔11%。最後是輸出導向，約佔10%。以全部共三十六項指標而言，前四項最重要關鍵因素依次分別為第一：降低發展的時間週期(9.4%)、第二：研發人員成本(7.4%)、第三：臨界研發爆發力(6.1%)、第四：可勝任能力的人力資源(5.3%)。 因此，在PC伺服器產業中，全球研發中心的設立最重視的不外乎縮短研發時間，產品可以及早上市，提高產品市場佔有率及賺取超額利潤。第二：尋找薪資更低廉的研發人員，降低研發計劃人事成本。第三：求取各地研發中心的綜效，發揮最大研發能量。第四：招募各地優秀的人力資源，網羅世界人才。 此外對ODM 研發廠商與Brand品牌大廠，對各個構面有些許的差異。例如Brand品牌大廠認為縮短時間週期最為重要，ODM 研發廠商則以成本為最大考量。原因有可能是兩方角色的不同及產品特性的因素。

Taiwan is the world number one leader in PC industry including the design and production of mother board, TFT-LCD, keyboard and so on. Especially in PC server segment which has higher entry barrier Taiwanese companies, through their ODM/OEM arrangements with their clients, enjoy a dominant market share in that relevant segment. In several decades ago Taiwanese government had approached MNC(Multinational corporations) and encouraged them to come to Taiwan to establish so called Taiwan Design Centers(“TDC”), in a hope that new technologies may be acquired by Taiwanese companies. Now Taiwanese companies have developed advanced and state of art technology and have set up R&D centers offshore to better serve their clients or get close to their major target markets. This thesis is meant to discuss the reasons why certain Taiwanese companies need to establish R&D centers in other jurisdictions and to study the factors affecting the internationalization of R&D. By using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (“AHP”), we develop questionnaire in relation to this subject and get feedback from the industry experts who filled out the questionnaire. Based on the responses we received, we find Efficiency-oriented is the most important segment (accounted for about 40%). The second important one is Input-oriented segment (accounted for about 22%). The third one is Political/socio-cultural segment (accounted for about 16%). The fourth one is External segment (accounted for about 11%). The last one is Output-oriented (accounted for about 10%). Among overall factors the Taiwanese companies will consider for the proposed establishment of an off-shore R&D center, the top four considerations are Reduction of development cycle time(9.4%), Lower R&D personnel costs(7.4%), Critical mass(6.1%) and Qualified human resources(5.3%). ODM server design companies and brand name server companies have a little different focus. For example the most important factor of ODM server design companies is lower R&D personnel costs. However brand name server companies are more interested reduction of development cycle time.