地方治理與觀光政策網絡-以台中縣觀光政策為例

Abstract

近年來，無論中央政府或地方政府皆意識到發展觀光帶來之經濟利益，並積極推展各項觀光政策。然而，發展觀光產業並非是依靠地方政府的一己之力制定、推行觀光政策即可達成的。地方政府應如何整合現有的觀光資源，動員地方民間的各項資源，如何與多元的參與者包括公部門、私部門以及第三部門進行溝通協調，以及如何因應外在環境變遷，將是地方政府發展觀光產業、推動觀光政策所必須面對的課題。由於觀光政策涉及的利害關係人眾多，彼此之間的意見可能有所衝突。因此，本文認為觀光政策的規劃、執行等過程，應運用政策網絡之概念，藉由治理內涵的導入，建立起一個可以促進參與者彼此資源交換、互動頻繁，以利政策共識達成的網絡機制。 本文運用地方治理與Rhodes的政策網絡理論檢視台中縣現行觀光政策的網絡治理現況與成效。且為更深入瞭解現行觀光政策之執行成效，輔以進行台中縣觀光政策下之二個觀光計畫－「大甲媽祖國際觀光文化節」與「泰安鐵道文化節」，作為治理網絡的案例分析。

In recent years, regardless of the central government or the local government all realized the tourism development to bring the economic interest, and promoted each tourism policy positively. However, developing tourism is by no means strength of formulation, the carrying out tourism policy a oneself which depends upon the local government then achieves. How should the local government the conformity existing tourism resources, mobilize the local folk each item of resources, how with the multi- actors including the government department, the private department as well as the third department carries on the communication coordination, as well as in accordance to the external environmental trend, will be how the local authority develops the topic which the tourism industry, the impetus tourism policy must face. Because the tourism policy involves the multitudinous actors, between each other opinion possibly has the conflict. Therefore, this article thought making policy and performance of tourism policies should utilize concept of the policy network, because of government connotation induction, establishes one to be possible to promote the participant each other resources exchange, the interaction to be frequent, achieves the network mechanism in order to help the policy mutual recognition. Furthermore, this thesis employs a case study of tourism policy on Taichung County. This case has plentiful materials for local governance analyses.