台灣農村庭園水池生態環境改善之研究 －以宜蘭縣員山鄉休閒農業區為例－

Abstract

傳統的農村庭園水池除了具備有生產、防災、景觀的功能外，也是生態性相當豐富的場所，但隨著農村產業的沒落，以及居民對於生態保護意識之缺乏，造成農村庭園水池的生態性逐漸降低，也使得整體農村生態的環境面臨威脅。 為進一步了解現今台灣農村庭園水池生態環境之問題，本研究選擇宜蘭縣員山鄉休閒農業區的農村庭園水池做為研究的對象，並選取七個庭園水池案例，進行實際之訪調作業，調查內容包括水文規劃、池體營造及生物狀況三方面，了解現今農村庭園水池的現況。 由調查結果發現，在基地環境方面，多數案例主要以景觀營造為導向，主要考慮以人的動態與視覺感受為主，缺乏與周圍生態環境關連之考量；在水文規劃設計方面，一般具有良好的水流與水源的控制、岸邊開展較大的一些案例生態性較佳；在池體營造方面，利用自然材料與多變化水域空間營造的案例，其發展之生態環境較為理想，生物的種類及狀況也較具多樣性。 經由案例之調查結果分析，歸納相關改善之課題，同時也進行改善對策之研擬。為驗證改善對策之可行性，本研究選定台灣大學綠房子生態池進行實例營造作業，在進行各項規劃，施工及後續監測工作後，經過約六個月的生長期，生態池就呈現出多樣性生物棲地的茂密景象，顯示出所使用之營造對策，具有不錯之成效。若宜蘭調查的七個池體，也能依文中建議之改善方法進行調整，相信也能達到更佳的水池生態環境。

The traditional countryside yard not only possesses the functions of production, disaster prevention, and better scenery, but also a rich ecological location. However, following by the diminishing agriculture and lacking of protecting natural environment, the ecology of countryside yard is declining, and therefore the whole countryside environment is facing a serious challenge. In order to investigate the problem of the traditional countryside yard environment nowadays, this study selects the countryside yard in Leisure Agricultural Region in Yuan-Shan Village I-Lan County as the study location: also, this study use seven yards as examples to study three areas: hydrological scheme, pond building, and organism circumstances, to discover the modern countryside yard environment. Base on the study, in the base environment, most of the examples apply the scenery construction as the main design direction. It only considers the movement and vision of the human being, but lacks the chain of linking with surrounding ecological environment. In the hydrological design, the examples with a good water fluid, water source control and shoreline development have better ecological environment. In the pond building, the examples utilizing natural resources and multi alteration of water space have ideal ecological environment and the creature types are enriched. According to the example study, we can conclude the related improvements that need to be made. In order to verify the effectiveness of the improvements, this study select eco-pond in smart home of National Taiwan University to process the realistic structure, and participate the plans, construction, and ongoing monitoring. After six months growing, the eco-pond already shows a variety of creatures, and it proves the improvements have superior results.