國內連續水質監測作業規範之探討

Abstract

為達到比較歐盟、美國、中國及我國連續水質監測相關法規規定與掌握我國現行水體連續水質監測設備技術程度之目的，本研究經由研究比較法探討歐盟、美國、中國及我國之法規相關規定，並針對我國30家連續水質監測設備廠商進行問卷調查以彌補文獻資料蒐集所造成設備技術進步之時間差侷限，再以SPSS軟體進行統計分析，並將結果納入未來我國欲推動連續水質監測作業規範時之建議內容。研究結果發現歐盟、美國及中國之連續水質監測相關規定在管理體系、監測目的、經費來源、場址選擇、主要監測項目、採樣頻率、採樣系統、監測儀器、數據傳輸頻率及數據傳輸方式均未盡相同。並建議我國未來可依法定之監測目的、經濟考量及本國國情等因素，於前期建立一套以人工採樣及實驗室分析方法為主，連續水質監測為輔之地面水體連續水質監測體系，而後鑒於監測技術之更新與發展及我國經濟、社會及環境等因素考量，以漸進決策方式持續調整國內制度體系。

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences of laws and regulations regarding the existing water quality monitoring schemes among China, European Union, United States, and Taiwan, and to understand the present capability of continuous monitoring technologies in Taiwan. To achieve these, the study first critically compares the laws and regulations currently adopted in the four jurisdictions followed by surveying 30 manufacturers and agents of continuous water quality monitoring equipment in Taiwan with a questionnaire. The SPSS software was used to analyze the responses obtained from the questionnaire. The results indicated that the differences of the laws and regulations among the four jurisdictions mostly lie in the differences in management system, monitoring purposes, the sources of funding, site selections, the monitoring factors, sampling frequencies, sampling systems, monitoring equipment, data transmission methods and data transmission frequencies. To enhance the effectiveness of water quality monitoring in Taiwan, this study suggests that Taiwan government can establish a system which is based on manual sampling and laboratory analysis methods complemented by continuous monitoring of water quality.