跨國電子商務業者最佳訂單履約運輸模式之研究

Abstract

線上購物蓬勃發展，跨國經營成為全球電子商務業者的最新趨勢，依據資訊工業策進會（Market Intelligence Center ,MIC）於2009年台灣線上購物發展趨勢調查指出，網路購物市場跨國際經營已漸成趨勢，使得物流產業的發展進入全球集約化趨勢，給電子商務業者帶來全新的物流遞送問題。 電子商務業者為提高訂單的遞送品質，與提供收件者更準確的商品抵達時間，電子商務業者也紛紛自建倉庫與物流體系，整合虛擬資訊流與實體貨品物流，以創新營運策略來因應產業環境變動，提供滿足消費者所期待的訂單滿足（Order Fulfillment）流程。 然而，目前電子商務的相關研究多著重於由消費者角度探討電子商務服務品質的重要性與電子商務業者在單一國家內的遞送方式進行探討，鮮少以電子商務業者的角度將訂單履約（Order Fulfillment）流程的議題擴展至國際運籌議題。 因此本研究欲針對電子商務業者訂單國際化的議題，建立具有邏輯性與理論依據的運輸模型與成本函數，以單品直運或整批轉運的運輸模式結合不同運輸工具之四項成本運輸成本、人工處理成本、場站地租成本與稅賦成本最小化為目標，並透過實證資訊的佐證，來協助電子商務業者執行訂單國際化的運輸決策。 從實證資料結果顯示，運輸成本對運送總成本貢獻度最高，尤其在有搭配D2D國際快遞業者的一階段運輸與二階段運輸（轉運國轉運）的運輸模式下，大幅提高運輸成本。物流中心的設立成本與人工處理成本分攤至個別訂單時，對運輸模式決策的影響便被稀釋殆盡。物流中心的賦稅成本更由於國際間貿易組織的互惠關係，使得進口關稅的課稅總額在總成本函數的貢獻度為最低。

According to the 2009 Taiwan's online shopping trends survey, conducted by MIC (Market Intelligence Center), cross-border e-commerce is becoming a new trend. Online shoppers began to shop from other country’s website, and the e-commerce order fulfillment turned out to be more complicated. Recently, the global electronic commerce firms built warehouse and logistics system to improve the quality of delivery and integrate virtual information flow and concrete goods flow. This thesis study focused on the optimal order fulfillment model for global electronic commerce firms, and proposed transportation model and build the corresponding cost function. The cost function contains transportation cost, handling cost, warehouse rent and duty custom. The goal of the study is to minimize the cost function of the four transportation model. The study proposed some suggestions and recommendations for global electronic commerce firms. Based on the principle of cost minimum, two-stage transportation (transmitted in receipt country) is suggested to be adopted by global electronic commerce firms.