三層式交控系統資訊流分析與台灣智慧運輸系統通訊協定之研究

Abstract

先進交通管理系統（Advanced Traffic Management System 簡稱ATMS）為都市交通管理ITS發展之核心，自民國87年交通部核定頒佈『電腦化交通號誌控制系統通訊協定』以來，配合『都市交通控制系統標準化軟體』之開發以及各都會區交通控制中心之成立，我國之都市交通號誌控制系統已逐漸進入電腦化時代，並向ITS智慧化控制之目標邁進。 區域控制器(Traffic Control Information Station 簡稱TCIS，中文另稱交通資訊站)為我國現階段發展先進交通管理系統中一前瞻創新設計，此為一介於現有之交通控制中心以及路側設施之間的中介設備，區域控制器的設計將有效促進ATMS對國內三項主要交控路側設施包括：號誌控制器（Traffic Signal Controller 簡稱TSC）、車輛偵測器（Vehicle Detector 簡稱VD）、資訊可變標誌（Changeable Message System 簡稱CMS）之區域交通控制達成即時性之管理，並且由於區域控制器的加入，將使現行交控系統由傳統之中心與路側設施關係轉變為三層式架構型態。於此同時，我國參考National Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol（簡稱NTCIP）通訊協定，研擬出適合台灣地區交通控制系統之交通管理資料庫該協定稱之為NTCIP-Like。本研究擴充NTCIP-Like之資訊層內容，並對應用層以下之協定內容進行探討，另研擬一適用於台灣地區且能滿足三層式交控架構運作需求之建議性質協定，稱之為TTCIP（Taiwan Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol）以與我國現行規範作一區別。 在了解區域控制器於先進交通管理系統中所擔負之功能後，經由三層式交控架構下資訊流之分析，並應用一通訊堆疊內容適合我國交通控制使用之台灣地區智慧型運輸系統通訊協定—TTCIP，以達成與國內最新之『電腦化交通號誌控制系統通訊協定』相容之分散式架構，以期能有助於未來實現以NTCIP方式建置之創新、智慧化之三層式架構先進交通管理系統。本研究以JAVA語言撰寫之模擬程式將新增之動態物件及TMIB整合示範交控中心與區域控制器及其所屬之路側設施間之通訊，該模擬程式並將應用本研究研擬之TTCIP通訊堆疊網路平台，以確定本論文提出之最適資訊流分析及TTCIP規劃能順利應用與實作。

Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) is the core system of the traffic management in urban area when developing ITS. In 1998, Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC), Taiwan, ROC published “Protocol for Computerize Traffic Signal Control System”, and Traffic Management Information Center (TMIC) has been established in several cities in recent years. It presents a significant progress in ITS area in Taiwan. Traffic Control Information Station (TCIS) is an advanced device in ATMS, which is a device between TMIC and other road side units (RSU). The connection between TCIS and other RSU including Traffic Signal Controller (TSC), Vehicle Detector (VD), and Changeable Message System (CMS) will assist in achieving the goal of real-time traffic management in a smaller area where traffic is managed by a local TCIS. With the affiliations of TCIS, the current system will transform the structure from the original center-to-field two layers relation into three layers architecture. Besides, MOTC refers to National Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) for planning the new Traffic management Information Base (TMIB) to fit current systems, and the protocol is named NTCIP-Like. This research expands the content of Information Level in NTCIP-Like, studies the whole protocol stack, and draws up the protocol that is named as Taiwan Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol (TTCIP) meeting the need for operation of ATMS based on three layers architecture. Through the analysis of information flow for ATMS based on three layers architecture and applying a recommended TTCIP communication stack in this research, a demonstration system is set up with JAVA language base. This system includes simulated TMIC with user interface, TCIS program, and three RSU emulators, which demonstrate that the analysis of information flow is correct and TMIB and Dynamic Objects added in TTCIP works successfully.