探討台日韓TFT-LCD廠商競爭力─以公司層級鑽石理論為基礎

Abstract

TFT-LCD產業資金需求高、牽涉的產業複雜，與半導體產業被我國政府列為重點扶植產業，因此值得政府與廠商小心翼翼地經營。分析市場主要參與者的競爭力來源並檢討本身欠缺的優勢，可以讓廠商及時調整腳步，避免經營失敗對國家社會帶來的災難。 本研究以Porter鑽石模型為架構，選擇適合公司層級的分析要素，蒐集台日韓共八家TFT-LCD製造商各項量化及非量化資訊，進行競爭力分析。在競爭力分析前，本研究為聚集焦點，利用回歸分析剔除對廠商財務績效無顯著影響的量化因素。 根據分析，樂金在各構面都佔盡優勢、三星其次；夏普因政府構面表現較差，消減其他來源的競爭力；友達則相對於台灣其他廠商擁有最佳的競爭力。此外，韓國兩家廠商的經營模式類似，競爭力來源差異不大；台灣廠商家數眾多、母公司從事的本業也都不同，各廠商競爭力來源差異非常大，整體而言，廠商間競爭力互相削弱的結果，使韓國在TFT-LCD產業整體的競爭力仍優於台灣。 最後，本研究建議台灣廠商可以透過合併消除資源投入重複造成的不經濟，亦建議政府在制訂政策時，必須更加具體、積極，不容小看任何政策對產業上下游的影響力。

Characterized with highly capital-intensive and complicated involvement with upstream and downstream firms, Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) industry is one of the industries emphasized by the government in Taiwan. Thus, TFT-LCD industry is worthy of careful study by all related companies and our government. Analyzing the source of competitiveness of the major players in the market and reviewing the deficient advantages can let companies adjust their strategies in time and avoid the business risk to a nation or society coming from the operation failure.

Using Michael E. Porter’s diamond model as the structure, I selected some factors that were suitable for the competitiveness analysis at firm level and collected data of the research objects. To have the same comparative foundation, I only chose five Taiwanese, one Japanese and two Korean TFT-LCD manufacturing companies as the research objects. The date I collected for each company included quantitive and qualitive ones. Before the competitiveness analysis, I excluded some quantitive factors that were not significantly influenced the financial performance by regression analysis so as to avoid the noise disturbing the latter analysis. Base on the analysis, LPL (LG Philips LCD) is most competitive in all respects, following by Samsung. Sharp overall doesn’t stand out as the result of the weakness of Japanese Government and AUO (AU Optronics) has an advantageous position relative to other companies in Taiwan. Additionally, because of the similar business strategies, there is no notable difference in the source of competitiveness between these two Korean companies. On the contrary, because there is more TFT-LCD manufacturing companies in Taiwan and the parent company of each one has different occupational activities, each TFT-LCD company has different source of competitiveness. The result of weakening of competitiveness by each other is that the TFT-LCD industry in Korea has more competitiveness than in Taiwan. Finally, I suggest that Taiwanese companies eliminate the uneconomy arising from duplicated investment through merging and acquisition. I also recommend our government officials that when they establish industrial policies, they should carefully consider the influence of any policy to the whole value chain.