紅邊大龍蝨之產卵行為與各蟲期的發育 (鞘翅目：龍蝨科)

Abstract

紅邊大龍蝨的雌蟲一次交尾之產卵量平均為52.25個；雌蟲於交尾後第三天至第四天達到產卵盛期，可產下一次交尾總產卵量65.79％的卵。此外，雌蟲偏好產卵於無卵粒的植株。產卵盛期時產下一粒卵所花的時間最短，僅8.37秒；而產卵末期平均則需17.81秒才產下一粒卵，費時最長。 以28℃、24℃、20℃及16℃四組溫度飼育，發現溫度對各蟲期的生長發育均有影響：卵的發育日數以28℃時最短，且孵化率達93.33％，為卵的最適合生長溫度；而幼蟲及蛹的發育速率均在28℃為最快，而化蛹率及羽化率則以24℃時為最高。自卵至成蟲羽化完成整個過程所需要的時間，以28℃時為最短，僅需要74.15日；16℃時需264.91日為最長。各蟲期的發育起點，卵期為12.16℃，幼蟲期為10.59℃，蛹期則為11.44℃；而各蟲期之有效積溫分別為卵期204.66日度、幼蟲期576.05日度、及蛹期443.15日度；由卵至成蟲羽化完成整個發育則需1222.17日度。至於能完成生活史的比率，以24℃時有53.68％的卵能羽化為成蟲為最高；16℃時最低，僅有10.89％。其他如各蟲期的形態與生活習性，求偶與交尾行為等，在文中均作探討。

The behavior of oviposition, morphology and life history of Cybister sugillatus Erichson from Taiwan were studied. The females deposited 52.25 eggs in average in a copulation cycle. They reached the massovipositional phase in the third and fourth days after copulation, and laid 65.79% of the total number of eggs of a cycle. Females preferred to lay their eggs on clean plants than on egg-laid ones. It took 8.37 seconds in average to lay an egg in the massovipositional phase, and 17.81 seconds in the postovipositional phase. The development of Cybister sugillatus depended on various temperatures (16, 20, 24 and 28ºC). The developmental periods of egg, larvae and pupae at 28ºC required 13.16, 33.74, and 16.07 days in average respectively, which is the shortest among the four temperatures. The rates of hatching, pupation and emergence were also affected by temperatures. The threshold for development of egg, larval and pupal stages were 12.16, 10.59, and 11.44ºC, respectively. The total effective temperature required for these three stages were 204.66, 576.05, and 443.15 degree-days, and 1222.17 day-degrees to complete a life cycle. The survival rate for completing a life cycle was found highest as 53.68% at 24ºC, and lowest as 10.89% at 16ºC. The morphology of each developmental stage and the behaviors of courtship and copulation were also discussed.