大專院校學生水環境概念調查與分析研究

Abstract

本研究目的是探討大專院校學生對水的環境知識、環境態度、環境政策及水體自然環境滿意度相關性研究，本研究以自行設計之問卷，經學者專家之效度評鑑及信度分析後，以國內十七所大專院校學生為調查對象，共發出2800份問卷進行施測，共得有效樣本2266份問卷，回收資料利用T檢定、單因子變異數、多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關係數、多元迴歸分析統計方法進行資料分析，本研究結果發現如下： 1.大專院校學生之水環境知識普遍不佳，影響程度受教育程度影響最大，其次為選讀環境課程學生，再其次為就讀系所不同。 2.大專院校學生之水環境知識以男性學生高於女性學生、年齡較大、教育程度較高以及有修讀環境課程學生對水環境知識較瞭解。 3.在水環境知識六面向中，以水環境科學部份的知識得分最高，其次為水環境生態、重大環境議題、環境永續發展，水環境資源及水環境污染知識得分明顯偏低。 4.大專院校學生環境態度介於「認同」與「普通」之間。其中有選讀環境課程學生對環境態度有顯著正面影響。其中對環境永續發展、環境經濟及環境污染的認同程度較高。對政府環境政策及環境行為的認同較低。 5.大專院校學生對環境滿意度是認為普通。在環境政策部份，以環保署垃圾分類政策的滿意度較高，以水利署生態工法的滿意度最低，。在水體自然環境滿意度部份，以湖泊及水庫環境的滿意度最高，以地下水環境滿意度最低。

6.大專院校學生之教育程度提高對環境滿意度越低。 7.水環境知識、環境態度、環境滿意度三者間皆有顯著相關。水環境知識與環境態度以及環境態度與環境滿意度為正相關，但是水環境知識與環境滿意度為負相關。 最後建議將環境教育課程列為大專院校之必修課程，以提高國民素質，減少人為環境破壞及污染，以維護海島臺灣獨特的自然風貌。

This study was conducted to explore the water environmental cognition, attitude and satisfaction of university students. A reliable and validated assessment was performed via the collection, sorting out and analysis of the results from extended questionnaires to 2266 students, sampled out of seventeen colleges and universities in Taiwan. The obtained data were analyzed via t-test, one-way ANOVA, MANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods. The main findings from the results of statistical analysis of data collected from the survey demonstrate that： （1）On the whole, university students in Taiwan do not have good cognitive understanding of environmental knowledge. The most significant effect was the level of education. The second important effect was the selection of study of environmental courses. The least effect was the major department study. （2） The university students of male, older, high level of education and selection of study of environmental courses had better performance in water environment knowledge. （3） In six dimensions of water environment knowledge, they can be prioritized as the following order: water science, water ecology, important environmental issues, sustainable environmental development, water resources and water pollution. （4）Most of university students have positive over all environmental attitude. Sustainable environmental development, environmental economics and water pollution tended to have more positive environmental attitude; while government environmental policy and environmental behavior had more negative environmental attitude. （5）The environmental satisfaction degrees of most university students were moderate. For the four parts of government environmental policy, the results indicated that garbage classification of environmental protection agency was mostly satisfied, while ecological engineering methods of water conservancy agency had least satisfaction. As for the parts of water environment, the environment of lake and reservoir gained higher satisfaction, while the satisfaction on environment of groundwater was lowest. （6）The higher level of education of university students had the lower satisfaction. （7）That is a significant correlation among water environmental knowledge, attitude and satisfaction of university students. Water environmental knowledge and attitude had positive correlation, while water environmental knowledge and satisfaction indicated negative correlation. It is suggested that environmental education may be subscribed as a requirement of study in university in order to enhance the environmental concept of university students.