垃圾焚化廠懸浮微粒排放特性分析與影響

Abstract

摘 要 隨著各種垃圾處理政策的妥善執行，台北市垃圾量從1998年後已由逐年增多轉變為逐年漸減的趨勢。對焚化廠而言，由於各類垃圾妥善的回收，使得垃圾組成有所改變，進而有可能影響到煙道粒狀污染物的排放、以及周界的環境品質。 本研究由北投焚化廠進廠垃圾量與垃圾組成開始探討，以時間序列探討近年台北市總垃圾量與北投焚化廠垃圾量，再探討垃圾組成的變化與煙道排氣的影響。緊接著在焚化廠周界架設三個具代表性的測站，收集PM10與PM2.5懸浮微粒樣本，藉由金屬元素分析以及水溶性元素分析，探討週周界空氣品質。再利用CMB受體模式分析各污染源的貢獻量。最後再以問卷調查評估主觀的社會調查結果與客觀的科學數據間的差異。 研究結果發現，近年台北市與北投焚化廠垃圾量以穩定的趨勢減少，顯示近年垃圾政策有非常好的效果，也使得垃圾組成中的廚餘類大幅下降，煙道粒狀物中廚餘指標元素K也有稍微下降的趨勢。另外，由於北投焚化廠以添加消石灰在半乾式洗滌塔中以控制焚化排放的酸氣以及SO2，使煙道排氣中的Ca濃度較高，可視為焚化廠最主要的追蹤元素，綜合強化因子分析結果可知焚化廠的追蹤元素為Ca、Fe、K、Ni、Zn。 在CMB受體模式分析的結果中，影響最嚴重的為街塵，其次為交通污染源，而焚化排放的影響僅佔小部分；問卷調查中大部分項目結果與CMB模式接近，而差異最大的為對焚化廠的感受，但問卷結果也顯示不同年齡層、教育程度、職業、住家距焚化廠遠近對焚化廠評價都有顯著的差異，表示對焚化廠的感受會隨自身環境而有主觀的差異。

ABSTRACT With the appropriate executed of various Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) recovery strategies, the amount of MSW in Taipei City was decreasing year by year since 1998. Due to the appropriate recovery of most MSW, the composition of the MSW has been changed. And this change may influence the chemical composition of the flue particles emission form Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) as well as the air quality of the ambient environment. This research starts from the discussion on the amount and composition of MSW in Taipei City and Beitou MSWI from 1999 to 2005 by Time Serious Method. Secondary, the article talks about the influence in the flue particles. In the third, this article describe the air quality by collecting PM10 and PM2.5 samples at the neighborhood of Beitou MSWI with metal element analysis and water soluble element analysis. By using CMB receptor model, this article analyzed the contribution amount of every pollution sources. Finally, we assess the difference among the subjective social investigation result and objective scientific data with questionnaire investigation afterwards. The result shows that the MSW amount of Taipei City and Beitou MSWI reduce stably in recent years. It means that the policy of the MSW has been successfully executed. The amount of kitchen waste deeply is decreasing; in the meanwhile, the index element K of the kitchen waste has a downward trend too in the flue particles. In addition, because of controlling and decreasing the sour gas and SO2 by adding lime in the Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) in Beitou MSWI, higher Ca concentration was found in the exhausting of flue which can be deemed to main track element of MSWI. Finally, the Enrichment Factor analysis (EF) shows that the track elements of MSWI are Ca , Fe , K , Ni , Zn. In the result of CMB receptor model, the most serious influence is Street Dust, the second one is the Traffic, and the MSWI only takes a small part. Most CMB results are close to questionnaire investigation, and the biggest difference is the impression of MSWI. The result of the questionnaire shows that ages, levels of education, occupation, and home distance to MSWI are apparent differences. It shows that difference groups have subjective impression on the MSWI influences.