農地休耕對鄉村景觀格局變遷影響之研究—以台東縣關山地區為例

Abstract

近年我國已逐漸從強調產量的農業政策轉變為強調生產、生活與生態的三生農業理念發展。但是以往農地休耕的相關研究，幾乎尚無探討休耕農地衍生的生態永續和景觀變遷的相關議題，故本研究選定以水稻田為主要基質的台東縣關山優良農業區進行實證研究，針對如何利用休耕農地來提升區域農業環境的生物多樣性與生態網絡之連結度，運用斑塊密度（PD）、平均斑塊面積（MPS）、景觀形狀指數（LSI）、平均斑塊分維數（MPFD）和連接度（PX）五項景觀指數來分析農地休耕對景觀格局變化產生之影響，同時假定重新分派調整農地休耕區位，模擬分析和比較調整前後之景觀空間格局與生態效果，探討永續農業出發展 之農地休耕規劃管理的最適模式。本研究實證結果發現休耕農地確實可增進區域農業生態環境的生物多樣性及網絡連結度，而且適當的休耕農地區位選擇對於區域農業生態網絡連接度確實出現加成的效果，故建議農政單位未來應該重視區域農地休耕的規劃、管理，並考慮應依不同休耕區位條件給予不同的休耕補貼基準。

In recent years, the governmental agriculture sectors have transferred their policy focuses from productivity to sustainable development and ecological preservation in agriculture. However, there were almost no related studies about ecological sustainability and the transition of landscape patterns from previous researches of fallow lands, this thesis tries to study how to utilize fallow lands to improve biodiversity and patch connectivity of regional agricultural environment through the empirical study processed in superior agricultural areas whose major matrix is paddy fields in Kungshan region in Taitung County. Five landscape indexes (PD、MPS、LSI、MPFD、PX) are used to test the influences of fallow lands upon landscape patterns. Then, relocate fallow lands; simulate, analyze and compare the ecological effects before and after relocation on landscape pattern; discuss the most suitable model of planning and management to fallow lands of sustainable agricultural development. In conclusion, it is confirmed that fallow lands increase the specie diversity and patch connectivity in regional agricultural eco-environment and the location of fallow lands is also influential to the connectivity of network. Therefore, governmental sectors should emphasize on the planning and management of fallow lands and provide different rates of fallow subsidy regard to their locational condition.