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???org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.ItemTag.dcfield??? | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 李美慧 | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsung-Han Lee | en |
dc.contributor.author | 李宗翰 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T06:17:16Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-07-29 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-07-29 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-07-25 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 三芝鄉公所 (1994) 三芝鄉志,臺北:三芝鄉公所。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34595 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究試圖了解人造結構物對附著生物的影響,亦探討遊客踩踏行為對潮間帶岩岸附著生物的衝擊。選定北海岸後厝漁港及麟山鼻漁港,於2010年9月、12月及2011年3月、6月,對港內海堤、港外消波塊與周圍天然岩塊三種不同結構物上進行附著生物調查,並輔以2010年12月及2011年3月、6月水質調查結果與生物調查結果進行討論。另於三芝區淺水灣的潮間帶進行遊客踩踏模擬實驗,選取安山岩及藻礁岩石平台各十處,每處平台設置三個樣方,分別施予不同強度的踩踏 (每個月0下、125下、500下),從2010年6月到11月每個月初進行踩踏,月末進行生物調查,停止踩踏後仍於2010年12月、2011年2月及5月觀察生物相的恢復狀況。應用生物相似性分析 (Bray-Curtis similarity)、非度量多維空間尺度 (n-MDS)、變異數分析 (ANOVA)、主成份分析 (principal component analysis)、相關分析 (correlation coefficient)、 BIO-EVN等方法,比較各站點生物群聚結構及水質狀況的時空變異;亦使用物種優勢度 (Simpson Index)、物種歧異度 (Shannon-Wiener’s index of species diversity) 與物種均勻度 (Pielou’s index of evenness) 等指數,瞭解踩踏後生物群聚之變動狀況。
附著生物調查發現,消波塊上的生物群聚狀況與天然岩塊較相近,港內海堤上生物總豐度則較其他兩種棲地低。消波塊雖然生物群聚狀況類似天然岩塊,但在生物生長季時,天然岩塊上的生物豐度高於消波塊生物豐度;同時也發現,水質環境因結構物的設置產生改變,影響附著生物的豐度。此外,不論在哪種結構物上,無陰影遮蔽的棲地生物豐度較高,尤其是帽貝類、綠藻類等生物,紅藻類則為陰影處的優勢生物。 從踩踏實驗結果得知,不論在安山岩或藻礁,受踩踏樣方之物種優勢度較控制組高,而物種歧異度與均勻度則較控制組低。每個月踩踏500下之樣方在實驗進行三個月後,出現各種生物豐度皆較控制組低的情況。附著動物受踩踏後數量立即減少,但停止踩踏後即恢復;紅藻類則是踩踏兩到三個月後才受影響,但停止踩踏實驗後六個月仍難恢復。人類踩踏海岸岩石,除了直接使生物消失,也間接干擾了原有的潮間帶生態系,如經踩踏後紅藻類難恢復的情況下,與之存在空間競爭關係的石蓴 (Ulva lactuca) 覆蓋率增加,導致施予踩踏之樣方,在停止踩踏後石蓴的覆蓋率反而較控制組高,進而影響潮間帶生物組成及關係。 未來政府在增設基礎建設並吸引觀光客的同時,應有適當的管理規劃。設置港區結構物時,可增加混凝土建物表面的溝紋與孔隙,模擬天然棲地狀態,且避免設置後出現光照不足或水體環境封閉的狀況。春夏季則需對北海岸潮間帶進行遊客數量管制,使遊客享受海岸自然景觀與生態之美的同時,也能保護此處潮間帶生態系,達到政府推動生態永續利用的目標。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The aim of this study is to investigate effects of artificial structures and human trampling on attached organisms in intertidal rocky shore. The intertidal attached organisms on breakwaters, seawalls and natural rocky shores were studied in Linshanbi and Houcuo Harbour, North coast of Taiwan. To assess the generality of patterns through four seasons, natural and artificial habitats were sampled at September 2010, December 2010, March 2011 and June 2011. We also measured several seawater parameters at each sampling site at December 2010, March 2011 and June 2011. Furthermore, we selected two types of rocky intertidal platforms, andesite rock and algal reef, in the Qianshui Bay near Houcuo Harbour. There are ten rocks for each rock type and three quadrats with different trampling treatments on each rock. The trampling treatments were used 0, 125 and 500 footsteps per 100cm2 per month on different quadrats for each rock from June 2010 to November 2010. Observations were made on attached organisms at the end of each month during trampling treatment as well as 1, 3 and 6 months after the last of trampling treatment. The data were analysed by Bray-Curtis similarity, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (n-MDS), ANOVA, principal component analysis, correlation coefficient and BIO-EVN, in order to test the temporal and spatial variations of the attached organisms and seawater parameters. Biodiversity Index, such as species dominance (Simpson Index), species diversity (Shannon-Wiener’s index of species diversity) and species evenness (Pielou’s evenness) were calculated to study changes in assemblages after tampling.
There are two main findings. First, attached organism assemblages on seawalls were largely distinct from those on breakwaters or natural rocky shores. There were lower abundance of species at seawalls than breakwaters and natural rocky shores. The attached organism assemblages at breakwaters were similar to natural rocky shores, but the abundance of species at natural rocky shores were higher than breakwaters during the growing season of attached organisms. Besides, changes in the seawater environment produced by the establishment of artificial structures will affect the abundance of attached organisms. In addition, no matter what kind of structures, green algae and invertebrates had greater abundance on unshaded surface, while red algae had greater cover on shaded seawalls. Second, trampling experiment shows that there were higher species dominance and lower species diversity and evenness at experimental quadrats after trampling treatment. All kinds of organisms reduced to 50% of control values at 500 footsteps per month after three months of trampling treatment. Attached animals declined immediately after trampling started, but they recovered at the end of trampling treatments. By contrast, red algae were resistant to trampling effects in first three months of trampling, but they couldn’t recover after the experiment. Thus it can be seen, human trampling will cause both direct and indirect effects on intertidal ecosystem. For example, percentage cover of sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) increased after trampling because red algae are difficult to recover from trampling treatments, which compete for settlement space with sea lettuce. As a result, the percentage cover of sea lettuce at experimental quadrats were higher than control values after trampling. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T06:17:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-R98228015-1.pdf: 4043258 bytes, checksum: 3032c97b4acddbfe785bba76c753fe35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
目錄 摘 要 I Abstract III 目 錄 V 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 IX 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 第一節 臺灣北部海岸地區概況 4 第二節 影響岩岸潮間帶附著生物群聚之因素 9 第三節 海岸人造設施對岩岸潮間帶附著生物之影響 13 第四節 人類踩踏行為對岩岸潮間帶附著生物之影響 16 第三章 研究方法 19 第一節 研究流程 19 第二節 研究區界定 19 第三節 實驗設計 23 第四節 資料分析方法 28 第四章 結果 32 第一節 漁港附著生物與環境因子調查結果 32 第二節 踩踏實驗結果 47 第五章 討論 56 第一節 人造結構物與天然岩岸上附著生物之狀況 56 第二節 人造結構物有無陰影遮蔽對生物之影響 60 第三節 遊客踩踏海岸對生物之影響 62 第四節 研究限制 65 第六章 結論與建議 66 第一節 結論 66 第二節 建議 68 參考文獻 70 附錄 81 附錄一 97年各縣市自然及人工海岸線比例一覽表 (內政部營建署) 81 附錄二 97年台灣地區各縣市漁港類別及名稱一覽表 (行政院農委會) 82 附錄三 國人旅遊狀況調查 (交通部觀光局) 83 附錄四 研究區實景 85 附錄五 PRIMER 5.0 各項指數公式 88 附錄六 生物多樣性指數公式 89 附錄七 四個季節各站點物種組成之Bray-Curtis 相似性樹狀圖 90 附錄八 漁港水質調查結果 92 附錄九 踩踏實驗前兩礁體上生物狀況 94 附錄十 研究中主要生物之生長繁殖期 95 圖目錄 圖2-1 北部海岸新北市及基隆市漁港分佈圖 5 圖2-2 影響潮間帶岩岸附著生物群聚狀況各因素示意圖 12 圖2-3 影響人造結構上附著生物群聚狀況之工程面因素示意圖 16 圖3-1 研究流程圖 19 圖3-2 研究區域圖 21 圖3-3 研究區內潮間帶生態系之壓力源模式 21 圖3-4 生物覆蓋率計算方法 26 圖3-5 懸浮固體檢測步驟 27 圖3-6 葉綠素濃度檢測步驟 27 圖3-7 矽酸鹽濃度檢測步驟 28 圖4-1 四個季節各站點之群聚nMDS 圖 34 圖4-2 兩漁港三種結構物上生物總豐度狀況 37 圖4-3 兩漁港三種結構物上附著動物群類豐度狀況 38 圖4-4 兩漁港三種結構物上藻類及固著動物群類豐度狀況 40 圖4-5 三個季節各站點水質狀況 42 圖4-6 各站點水質狀況之主成份分數圖 44 圖4-7 水質因素負荷及生物豐度與主成份分數相關分析之結果 45 圖4-8 2010年5月藻礁及安山岩Bray-Curtis相似性分析圖 47 圖4-9 2010年5月兩種礁體平台及三種樣方間生物豐度狀況 48 圖4-10 2010年5月藻礁及安山岩上主要生物之豐度 48 圖4-11 藻礁及安山岩棲地生物多樣性指數 49 圖4-12 安山岩塊上控制組與兩種踩踏等級樣方內附著生物豐度變化 50 圖4-13 藻礁上控制組與兩種踩踏等級樣方內附著生物豐度變化 50 圖4-14 安山岩塊上控制組與兩種踩踏等級樣方內生物多樣性指數變化 52 圖4-15 藻礁上控制組與兩種踩踏等級樣方內生物多樣性指數變化 52 圖4-16 安山岩上主要附著生物其豐度變化之狀況 53 圖4-17 藻礁上主要附著生物其豐度變化之狀況 55 表目錄 表2-1 淡水測站1971年到2000年各月份之平均統計資料 4 表2-2 2010年北海岸旅遊人數表 7 表2-3 2007~2010年北海岸遊客總人次 7 表2-4 新北市潮間帶地區各種海岸棲地類型面積 (單位:公頃) 8 表4-1 兩漁港三種結構物上出現之附著生物 33 表4-2 有無陰影站點間生物群聚之ANOSIM分析 34 表4-3 三種結構物站點間生物群聚之ANOSIM分析 35 表4-4 有無陰影兩群生物相異度貢獻率的SIMPER 分析結果 36 表4-5 三種結構物生物相異度貢獻率的SIMPER 分析結果 36 表4-6 生物豐度在時間 (time)、結構物 (habitat) 與陰影 (shadow) 間的 3-way ANOVA分析結果 37 表4-7 附著動物豐度在時間 (time)、結構物 (habitat) 與陰影 (shadow) 間的 3-way ANOVA分析結果 39 表4-8 藻類及固著動物豐度在時間 (time)、結構物 (habitat) 與陰影 (shadow) 間的 3-way ANOVA分析結果 40 表4-9 水質變數在時間 (time) 與站點 (site) 之one-way ANOVA分析結果 43 表4-10 水質因子主成份分析的特徵值及其所能解釋的變異程度 44 表4-11 水質因子主成份分析各因子之特徵向量 44 表4-12 各生物群豐度與水質環境因子之相關分析 46 表4-13 測站物種組成與環境因子之 BIO-ENV 分析 46 表4-14 安山岩及藻礁群體ANOSIM分群檢定 47 表4-15 藻類、固著動物及附著動物之豐度在礁體平台 (platform) 與踩踏樣方 (trampling) 間之two-way ANOVA檢定結果 48 表4-16 安山岩上附著生物總豐度在月份 (month) 與踩踏樣方 (trampling) 間之two-way ANOVA檢定結果 50 表4-17 藻礁上附著生物總豐度在月份 (month) 與踩踏樣方 (trampling) 間之two-way ANOVA檢定結果 51 表4-18 生物多樣性指數之Wilcoxon signed rank檢定 52 表4-19 安山岩上主要附著生物豐度,在月份 (month) 與踩踏樣方 (trampling) 間之two-way ANOVA檢定結果 54 表4-20 藻礁上主要附著生物豐度,在月份 (month) 與踩踏樣方 (trampling) 間之two-way ANOVA檢定結果 55 表5-1 夏季時港外海堤與其他底質站點間生物群聚之ANOSIM分析 60 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 人類活動對岩岸潮間帶附著生物的影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The effects of human activities on the populations of attached organisms in intertidal rocky shore | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭勝華,謝蕙蓮 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 岩岸潮間帶,人工結構物,附著生物,人類踩踏,生物多樣性, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | intertidal rocky shore,artificial structures,attached organisms,human trampling,biodiversity, | en |
dc.relation.page | 95 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-07-26 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 地理環境資源學研究所 | zh_TW |
Appears in Collections: | 地理環境資源學系 |
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