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| ???org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.ItemTag.dcfield??? | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 林和 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yi-chao Wu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 吳宜昭 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T06:16:05Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2006-02-10 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-02-09 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-02-02 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 林和、吳宜昭，2001：1975�76年氣候突變對西北太平洋熱帶氣旋生成的影響。大氣科學，29，257-272。
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34575 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 亞洲季風的時、空結構豐富，不但具複雜地域特性，也具有多重的時間尺度。本文以亞洲季風區的兩個子季風區－西北太平洋季風區及南亞季風－為研究區域，探討其中多重尺度的交互作用，包括慢頻的年代際及年際變化、季節變化以及快頻的季內尺度、天氣尺度等，並著重其對熱帶氣旋生成的影響。
相對於平滑、週期性及緯向對稱的季節性日照驅動的天文季節，季風區的自然季節之劃分以突兀、階梯式的進展著稱。隨著季節不同，環流型態與熱帶氣旋生成機制也相異，因此應以季節當作所有分析的起點。近年來大量優質的再分析與衛星資料提供了高解析度時、空網格的觀測，因此得以應用候解析度資料，分別依據地域的特性，區分出西北太平洋季風區及南亞季風區各自的自然季節。再以季節平均環流為背景，詮釋大尺度環流型態及條件對熱帶氣旋生成的影響。 西北太平洋季風區的四個自然季節分別為初夏（第33至40候，6月10日至7月19日）、盛夏（第41至52候，7月20日至9月17日）、早秋（第53至60候，9月18日至10月27日）及晚秋（第61至72候，10月28日至12月26日）。考量季風環境中影響熱帶氣旋生成最重要的四個條件，包括海面溫度、200hPa及925hPa間之垂直風切、500hPa的相對溼度及925hPa相對渦度，探討以上諸條件如何調節熱帶氣旋生成在時間及空間上的分佈。分析結果顯示，底層（925hPa）的相對渦度為相對強勢制約條件；海溫和高、低層垂直風切的角色類似，均以適當門檻值來約束熱帶氣旋是否易於生成；中層相對濕度的制約效果較不彰顯。 應用同樣的分析於南亞及北印度洋季風區，可將當地的年旋環劃分成暑（第24至32候）、夏（第33至50候）、秋（第51至60候）及初冬（第61至71候）四個自然季節。同樣分析上述影響熱帶氣旋生成的環境因素，結果顯示海面溫度、垂直風切及相對渦度為較強勢制約條件，對暑、夏兩季的季風低壓生成尤其有決定性的影響。 在季風環流及熱帶氣旋生成之低頻變化方面，本文將焦點放在1976�77年氣候突變的影響上。在西北太平洋區，盛夏（七月下旬至九月中）的熱帶氣旋生成呈現顯著的年代際週期變化，其變化的空間分佈可以歸納為一西北�東南走向的遙相關，節點落於（5∼12.5°N, 150∼165°E）及（17.5∼25°N, 125∼140°E）區域。據此定義一熱帶氣旋指數，並區隔出前後兩紀元相位之明顯相異。根據變化顯著的年份進行合成分析，結果顯示這是年代際週期變化、ENSO及南北半球季風系統複雜的交互作用導致的結果。假設一類似ENSO暖態的年代際週期基本態存在，東太平洋赤道的高海溫距平引起中西太平洋的西風距平。當ENSO處於暖態且澳洲冬季季風到達鼎盛之際，此基本態將觸動跨南、北半球區域性哈德雷環流的爆發。此區域哈德雷環流上升帶位於10°N、140∼170°E，在澳洲東南方的地面冷高壓處下沉。在上升帶，對流被跨赤道流及熱帶西風距平北側之氣旋式風切加強，孕育了許多熱帶氣旋。此區域哈德雷環流顯然自成一緊密且可自我加強的循環結構。在另一方面，位於西北太平洋東南象限的增強對流激發出一向西北方傳遞的羅士培波反應，它有效地減弱了第二紀元的亞洲夏季季風。 自1977年後，北印度洋的季風低壓年生成個數急遽地減少。探討過原始觀測來源以及觀測系統軟、硬體變動的各種可能性或發生時間點後，初步確認了觀測資料的長期穩定性。在探討環流的相關變化時，除了舉出已知的全球各地氣候系統在同時期發生突變的相關證據，另以變化點分析，檢驗局地大氣環流之逐年變化，發現若干物理量在1976�77前後產生顯著的突變，中低層大氣尤其明顯。這些遠地與局地的環流突變支持了北印度洋季風低壓生成數量銳減的現象。進一步依據季風低壓的強度及生成季節分類後，發現夏、秋兩季的低壓（中心最大風速＜34節）生成頻率於1977年後顯著減少，尤其夏季的低壓不再出現，是最顯著的改變。文中描述了此季風低壓生成突變的時、空間特徵，包括生成頻率季節分佈之顯著改變，及生成區域的變化。本文首次報導北印度洋季風低壓反映1976�1977之氣候劇變，其中發現的特定季節之低壓在1977年後不再出現的特徵，就我們所知是氣候記錄中第一次天氣尺度現象被發現從有至無的劇烈改變。雖此劇烈變化由何物理機制引起還不清楚，本研究的發現可能隱含重要含義，即天氣尺度系統對氣候突變極為敏感，並如水圈或冰雪圈一般具有對氣候突變的長遠記憶。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T06:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D87229003-1.pdf: 8065227 bytes, checksum: 04cc7f9c3143815dda25aaab97e7a60c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
摘要 目錄 圖表說明 致謝 第一章 前言…………………………………………………………….1 第二章 資料與分析方法……………………………………………… 6 一、資料…………………………………………………………………6 1. 西北太平洋熱帶氣旋資料………………………………………6 2. 北印度洋季風低壓資料…………………………………………6 3. 高解析衛星資料…………………………………………………7 4. 大尺度環流場資料………………………………………………8 二、分析方法……………………………………………………………8 1. 濾子………………………………………………………………8 2. 變化點分析(change point analysis)……………………………....9 第三章 亞洲季風區的多重尺度……………………………………....10 一、年循環………………………………………………………………10 二、較年循環高頻的變化－季內尺度及天氣尺度……………………12 三、較年循環低頻的變化－聖嬰－南方振盪（ENSO）及年代際氣候突變（Interdecadal abrupt climate change）………………………14 四、多重尺度交互作用與熱帶氣旋生成………………………………16 第四章 季節與熱帶氣旋－西北太平洋季風區………………………19 一、西北太平洋季風的自然季節………………………………………19 二、熱帶氣旋受季風環境的影響………………………………………22 第五章 西北太平洋熱帶氣旋的年代際變化…………………………24 一、熱帶氣旋生成的年代際變化………………………………………24 二、環流場的年代際變化－合成分析…………………………………26 三、小結…………………………………………………………………28 第六章 季節與季風低壓－北印度洋與南亞季風區…………………30 一、北印度洋與南亞季風的自然季節…………………………………31 二、季風低壓受季風環境的影響………………………………………34 三、小結…………………………………………………………………37 第七章 北印度洋季風低壓生成的年代際突變………………………38 一、分析資料的可靠性與查証…………………………………………39 1. 季風低壓資料之信度………………………………………….……39 2. 間接證據與當地環流改變的直接證據…………………………….43 二、季風低壓生成年代際突變的時空特徵……………………………45 三、小結…………………………………………………………………47 第八章、討論與結語……………………………………………………50 一、討論…………………………………………………………………50 二、結語…………………………………………………………………52 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 亞洲季風區多重尺度的交互作用及其對熱帶氣旋生成的影響 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Multiscale Interaction in Asian Monsoon with Emphasis on Tropical Cyclone Formation | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 許晃雄,柯文雄,隋中興,盧孟明,余嘉裕,吳俊傑 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 亞洲季風,多重尺度交互作用,熱帶氣旋生成,南亞季風,西北太平洋季風, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Asian Monsoon,Multi-scale Interaction,Tropical Cyclone Formation,South Asian Monsono,Western North Pacific Monsoon, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 118 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-02-03 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| Appears in Collections: | 大氣科學系 | |
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| ntu-95-1.pdf Restricted Access | 7.88 MB | Adobe PDF |
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