酵母與乳酸菌對仔豬生長性能及免疫能力之影響

Abstract

本試驗之目的在研究 1) 母豬懷孕後期與泌乳期間飼糧中添加酵母與乳酸菌對其仔豬生長性能及免疫力之影響；2) 哺乳仔豬餵飼酵母和乳酸菌對生長、糞便微生物組成與免疫能力之影響。試驗一使用懷孕滿 11 週之母豬 80 頭，自懷孕 11 週起至哺乳 3 週止。四個飼糧處理組分別為 1) 對照組；2) 5 × 109 CFU/day 酵母組；3) 4 × 108 CFU/day 乳酸菌組及 4) 酵母及乳酸菌混合組。試驗期間收集血液樣本，分析淋巴細胞增生能力與血漿中免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 濃度，並記錄出生活仔豬數、出生窩重、離乳仔豬數及離乳窩重。試驗二則分成六組，依序為1) 藥物組；2) 空白組；3) 離乳前餵飼乳酸菌組；4) 離乳後飼餵乳酸菌組；5) 離乳前後皆餵飼乳酸菌組及 6) 離乳前後皆飼餵酵母組。試驗期自仔豬 2 週齡至 8 週齡為止，酵母與乳酸菌發酵乳於離乳前分別口服給予 1.3 × 109 CFU/day 及 1.5 × 1011 CFU/day，而離乳後階段則混合 6.5 × 109 CFU/kg 及 2 × 1011 CFU/kg 於飼料中。試驗期間收集仔豬血液與新鮮糞便樣品進行血漿 IgG 濃度與糞便微生物組成分析。並記錄仔豬之週增重、下痢發生情況及飼料採食量。第一個試驗結果顯示，3 日齡仔豬之血漿 IgG 濃度於乳酸菌組或酵母與乳酸菌共同添加組會顯著的高於對照組 (39.4, 38.7 vs. 35.4 mg/mL)。3 日齡仔豬淋巴細胞增生能力也顯示酵母組會有較高的 T 細胞依賴性 B 細胞增生能力的趨勢。酵母組的疾病死亡率較對照組降低 1.8 倍，離乳體重會比對照組增加 7%，酵母與乳酸菌混合組亦會增加 8% 的離乳體重。第二個試驗結果顯示，離乳前後皆餵飼酵母之處理於試驗結束時，血漿中 IgG 濃度會顯著較藥物及空白組高 (17.5 vs. 14.2, 15.1 mg/mL)。在離乳後兩週的糞便微生物組成，則是藥物、離乳後或離乳前後皆餵飼乳酸菌以及酵母之處理的糞便中大腸菌數皆會較試驗前降低，但各組間糞便中乳酸桿菌數皆相似。生長性能方面雖各組間無顯著差異，但離乳前後皆餵飼乳酸菌組在試驗結束時，會有較重之體重 (17.48 kg)，較其他組增加 3 ~ 4.5%，下痢頭數最低，僅 2.3 頭。綜合而言，母豬懷孕後期至泌乳階段添加酵母對仔豬有最佳之表現，而哺乳仔豬於離乳前後餵飼乳酸菌會有最佳的效果。

The present study was to investigate 1) effect of dietary supplementation of yeast and lactic acid bacterium (LAB) during sows’ late-gestation and lactation period on growth performance and immunity of piglets; 2) effect of feeding yeast and LAB on growth, fecal microbial composition and immune competence of nursery piglets. The first experiment used eighty pregnant sows starting from 11 weeks of gestation through 3 weeks of nursing. Four dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) 5 × 109 CFU/day yeast, 3) 4 × 108 CFU/day LAB and 4) yeast plus LAB. Blood samples were collected for assay of lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. Born alive piglet number, birth weight litter, weanling piglet number and litter weanling weight were recorded. Second experiment had six treatment groups as 1) medicated, 2) no additive, 3) pre-weanling LAB feeding, 4) post-weanling LAB feeding, 5) peri-weanling LAB feeding and 6) peri-weanling yeast feeding. Experiment period started from 2 weeks till 8 weeks of age. Yeast and LAB fermented milk was dosed orally at 1.3 × 109 CFU/day and 1.5 × 1011 CFU/day in pre-weanling period, and blended in feed at 6.5 × 109 CFU/kg and 2 × 1011 CFU/kg in post-weanling period, respectively. Blood and fecal samples were collected for measuring plasma IgG concentration and fecal microbial composition of piglets. Weekly weight gain, diarrhea occurrence and feed intake of piglets were recorded. The first experiment results showed that plasma IgG concentration of piglets in LAB or yeast plus LAB group were significantly higher than control group (39.4 and 38.7 vs. 35.4 mg/mL) at 3 days of age. The lymphocyte proliferation competent in yeast group had higher T cell dependent B cell proliferation competence. Yeast treatment deceased 1.8 folds of mortality, and increased 7% of weanling weight compared to control. Yeast plus LAB also increased 8% of weanling weight. Second experiment results indicated that peri-weanling feeding yeast group had higher IgG concentration compared to medicate and no additive group (17.5 vs. 14.2 and 15.1 mg/mL). The medicated, post-weanling and peri-weanling LAB feeding and peri-weanling yeast feeding groups decreased fecal coliform concentration at two weeks post-weanling compared to the initial of experiment. There was no difference in growth among groups, but peri-weanling feeding LAB had a numerically heavier body weight (17.48 kg) at the end of experiment, which was 3 ~ 4.5% higher than other groups. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of yeast at sows’ late-gestation to lactation period and peri-weanling feeding LAB had the best protection to nursery piglets.